670 NORTH AMERICAN BOWS, ARROWS, AND QUIVERS. 



ludiaii (tribe not given) wliomadeliini a glass arrow from a fragment of 

 porter bottle at the third trial, after he had learned the grain of the glass. 



''The process of luaniifaetnre was in each case the same, and con- 

 sisted in chipi)ing small fragments from the edges of suitable jneces of 

 material, the chii)])ing implement being a portion of hardened deer or 

 elk horn held in the right hand, the siliceous stone being held in the 

 left over a Hap of buckskin to protect the lingers. 



"I once made it my business to solve the problem how long it would 

 take Apaches whose village had been captured and destroyed by troops 

 to provide themselves aucM- with weapons which would render them a 

 menace to the scattered settlements of the frontier. I singled out an 

 Apache at random and stipulated that he should employ no tools of 

 iron, but allowed him to gather from the ground such chips of chalced- 

 ony as ho pleased. 



''He nuide a number of barbs, the time as recorded in my note-books 

 being five, six, seven, aud eight minutes; an expert might have done 

 even better than that. 



"I can not understand what Powers meant when he said that a Pomo 

 Indian will spend days aud even weeks upon one piece, unless he is 

 alluding to some one making a 'medicine bow and arrows for a si^ecial 

 occasion'. (Bancroft, Kat. Baccs, vol. i, p. 34-5.) 



"Gen. George Crook, who was a very close observer of the habits 

 and customs of the wild tribes among whom he served, relates that the 

 Indians of Oregon used obsidian and made the barbs Avith remarkable 

 facility and rai>idity, from tifty to sixty in an hour. {ISinithi^oitimi 

 Iicport, 1871.) Jle also states that the Klamaths were making their 

 arrows of broken Junk bottles, the tool used, a knife in place of a horn, 

 and a blanket instead of a buckskin. 



[Captain Bourke is evidently thinking of the making of arrow heads. 

 Every tribe of Indians spent days and even weeks upon arrow shafts 

 and bows. As in the manufacture of pottery the operation can not be 

 finished at a single sitting as has been shown ])revious]y.] 



"The Iloopa Indian, who is a relative of tiie Apache, makes his arrows 

 in much the same manner, but the obsidian or jasper head is untanged 

 and lashed with sinew.''* 



"Catlin says that every Apache tribe has its factory in which 

 arrow-heads are made, and in those only certain adepts are allowed to 

 make them for the use of the tribe. Erratic bowlders of flint are col- 

 lected (and sometimes luought an immense distance) and broken with 

 a sort of sledge-hammer, made of a rounded ]»ebbleof hornstone, set in 

 a twisted withe, holding the stone and fonning a handle. 



"The stone, at the indiscriminate blow s of the sledge, is broken into 

 a hundred ])ieces, and such Hakes selected a«, from the angles of their 

 fracture andthickness, will answer as the basis of an arrow-head; and 

 in the hands of the artisan they are shaped into the beautiful forms and 

 proportions which they desire, and which are to be seen in most of our 

 museums. 



"The master workman, seated on the ground, lays one of these tlakes 

 on the palm of his left hand, bidding it firmly down with two or more 

 fingers of the same hand, and with his right hand, between the thumb 

 and two forefingers, places his chisel (or punch) on the point that is to 

 be broken oft; aud a co-operator (a striker) sitting in front of him, with 



**Capt. J. G. Bourke, letter. 



