EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVIII. 

 Matkkials of thk Akkow-Makek. 



This plate shows the typical collentiou of material as it is prepared for use by the 



Hupa arrow-uiaker (Athapascan stock), northern California. The same outfit Avould 



do for any other craftsman of this class throughout the temperate regions of North 



America, only the form of the tool would be changed. 



Fig. 1. The shaft. A simple twig or rod or switch of any suitable wood. If the 

 pith be thick, the rod is treated much as a reed. If it be meager the twig 

 may be whittled away at certain parts to change the form. Among certain 

 tribes the arrow shafts are made of sections split from large sticks. 



Fi<i, L'. The point. The material is as varied as stone with couchoidal fracture 

 may be. Spalls are struck off and made into arrowheads by a multitude 

 of processes explained in the text. 



Fig. ;>. Sinew for seizing. The figure shows its appearamre as it is dried and 

 saved up for future use. 



Fk;. 4. Gum. The exudations from trees or glue from fish or animal substances used 

 to hold the feather to the shaft, the head in its place, or to smear over th^ 

 sinew seizing to give it a smooth and homogeneous appearance. 



Fig. 5. Paint moktar. The j>aint mortars of the American aborigines are discoidal 

 stones usually, with a shallow cavity. In this cavity ochers and other 

 paint substances are ground, mixed with the grease of animals or with 

 water, and used in decorating both bows and arrows. 



Fi<i. (i. Feathers. The plume is stripijed off with a small portion of tlie midrib, 

 seized to the shaft, and trimmed in many ways. 



