EXPLANATION OF PLATE XL Y III. 

 Ahrows of northern California and Oregon 



Fig. 1. .Shaft, Ijpantifnlly smoothed. Rbaftiiieiit painted deep red. Feathers, three, 

 glned on, and delicately seized at either end -with sinew. The ends of 

 the feathersprojectat least an inch beyond the notch. The nock is cylin- 

 drical ; notch, U-shaped. Head, of obsidian, leaf-sh.aped, with notches near 

 the base, let into a notch at the end of the shaft, seized with sinew and 

 transparent glue. Total length of shaft, 31^ inches. 



Cat. No. 2807, U. S. K. M. Oregon ludi.ans. Collocte.l by Lieut. Wilkes, XJ. S. Navy, 



Fig. 2. Shaft, of rhus. Shaftmeut, striped with black, red, and brown. Feathers, 

 seized at the end with sinew, standing off from the shaftmeut, aud .shorn 

 quite close to the midrib. Nock, cylindrical ; notch, U-shaped. Foreshaft, 

 of hard wood, painted red, sharpened, inserted into the end of the .shaft, 

 and seized with sinew. Head, an extremely delicate point of obsidian, 

 triangular, inserted into a notch in the end of the shaft, and seized with 

 sinew diagonally laid on notches on the sides of the arrowhead. Total 

 length of shaft, 30 inches. 



Cat. No. 15127, TJ. S. N. M. Nortlii'rn California. Collfctcd by Wni. Kicb. 



Fig. 3. Shaft, a slender twig of rhns, striped with red aud blue at its upper extrem- 

 ity. The shaftinent i.s ornamented with zigzag lines in the same colors. 

 Featlier.s, three, glned to the shaftmeut aud, seized at either end with sinew. 

 Nock, cylindrical ; uotch, very slight. Head, of obsidian, slender, sagittate 

 in form ; the tang inserted in a slit at the extremity of the shaft and seized 

 with sinew. This shaft has ab.arli of very narrow regnlar grooves around 

 the upper extremity, as though produced by a lathe. This feature is com- 

 mon to many California .•urows. Total leugth of shaft, 29 inches. 



Cat. No. 126517, TJ. S. N. M. niii)a Indians. California. CoUeoted liy Capt. P. H. 

 Kay, IJ. S. Array. 



Fig. 4. Shaft, a rod. Shaftment, striped with green. Feathers, three, seized at 

 the ends witli sinew and laid flat ou the shaftment. Nock, cylindrical; 

 notch, U-shaped. Head, of gray chert, long, and delicately inserted in the 

 end of the shaft by a seizing which passes around the deep notches at the 

 sides. Total length, 34 inches. The shafts of the California arrows are of 

 wild currant, rhus, willow, and other straight twig-like stalks. 



Cat. No. 131110, V. S. N. M. Pitt Indian.s, California. Collected by N. .J. Purcell. 



Fig. 5. Shaft, a rod; striped with narrow bauds of blue and red and the natural 

 color of the wood. Feathers, three, neatly shorn, seized with sinew and 

 glued fast to the shaftment. The sinew is colored with a red paint 

 resembling shellac. Nock, cylindrical ; notch, shallow. Foreshaft, of hard 

 wood, painted blue, inserted in the end of the shaft and .seized with sinew. 

 In many of the California arrows the foreshafts have been revolved between 

 two coarse pieces of sandstone, or by means of a file cut so as to give the 

 !ip])e.arance of being neatly seized with A^ery line thread. It also confers a 

 suspicion of machinery ou some of these later examples. The head is of 

 jasper, triangular, delicate, tapering, deeply notched on the side, and held 

 in place by a diagonal lashing of sinew. Other specimens from the same 

 quiver have heads of chalcedony, the edges of which are beautifully ser- 

 rated. Total length, 31 inches. 



Cat. No. 126517, IT. S. N. M. Hupa Indians, C.alifornia. Collected by P. H. Ray. 



Fio. 6. This figure shows the v.ariety of arrow points in use among the Indians of 

 Upper California. Glass, obsidian, steel, iron points, and wooden foreshaft 

 sharpened, together with others in the same plate, give an understand- 

 ing of the various ways of attaching the arrowhead to the shaft and fore- 

 shaft. 



