EXPLANATION OF PLATE LYII. 



Bird Bolts of Northwestern' Eskimo. 



Fig. I. Shaft, of wood, and the head, of bone, or ivory, or antler, is set on like the 

 head of a cane and ronnded. In one of the examples the end of the shaft 

 is split and the head is held m by a wedge-shaped dowel. Bird arrow. 

 Length, about 21 inches. 



Cat. No.s. 24579-80, U. S. N. M. Eskimo, St. Michaels. Alaska. Collected b,v Lucien 

 Turner. 



Note.— There is a great variety of these bird arrows used for the purpose of stun- 

 ning water fowl. The shaft is a simple rod of different material, and the head is 

 held on in various ways and seized with sinew. 



Fig. 2. Shaft, cylindrical. Shaftment, tlattcned. Feathers, three, held on with 

 twisted sinew. Nock, flat; notch, U-shaped. The head is in the conven- 

 tional form of the Eskimo bird arrowheads, fitted on to the wedge-shaped 

 end of the shaft and seized with sinew. Length. 27 inches. 



Cat. No. 72772, U. S. N. M. Point Barrow. Collected by Capt. P. H. Ray. U. S. 

 Army. 



Figs. ,S, 5. Shaft, of spruce, cylindrical. Shaftment, flattened at the end. Feath- 

 ers, three, seized with twisted sinew. Nock, flat; notch, angular. Head, 

 of iron, in imitation of the standard Eskimo bird arrow, the head of which 

 is a club-shaped piece of ivory or bone with notches cut in the end so ;'.s 

 to give the shape of a cross in section. This is designed to wound the 

 liird and bring him down without shedding his blood. 



Fig. 4. Precisely similar to fig. 3, excepting that the head is of ivory, and there are 

 only two feathers. Length of both arrows, 27 inches. 



Cat. No. IIOG, D. S. N >I. E.'^kimo, Mackenzie Pliver. Collected by R. MacFar 

 laue. 



Note. — In some samples under this number the ivory or bone heads are orna- 

 mented with lines cut in. The shaft of the arrow is cut wedge-shaped, inserted into 

 the long notch at the base of the head, and nicely seized with sinew, which is laid 

 on in a groove or countersink cut into the base of the bone head. The workman- 

 ship of this arrow is excellent. 



