EXPLANATION o F P L A T K I> X \ X \' I . 



ToNKAWA. 



Pig. 1. QuiX'ER, made of cow skin; bow case ofuiottleil cow skin \Nitli the hair left 

 oil, foriuing a long close sack. Tlie arrow case is a short, ^vide sack. 

 Baudolier, broad strip of cow skiu. From the ends of bow case, arrow 

 case, and bandolier fringes of cut skin depend. The bow case and anow 

 case are sewed together at the margins or raw edges so that in the com- 

 pleted quiver the seams turn iuw^ard and are largely concealed. The tool 

 bag is of rawhide and, singularly enough, contains a Hint and steel and a 

 powder charger made of the top of a butfalu horn. Length of bow ca^e, 

 48 inches; arrow case, 28 inches. 



Cat. No. 844S, U. S. X. M. ToiiUaw.i Indians, Tonkawau stock, Tex;is. Collected l)y 

 H. McEldt-ny. V. S. Army. 



Note. — After the Government entered into a treaty with tlie Indian tribes, among 

 the annuities were cattle, and from that time cow skiu very largely took the place of 

 oiher hides in the making of quivers along the Plains of the great West, where buf- 

 falo and deer were less abundant. Numbers of Siouan, Caddoan, Kiowan, Algou- 

 (juian, Shoshoncan, and Tonkawau tribes, all made their quivers of cow skin, either 

 with the hair left on or tanned. The bow case and the arrow case were made after 

 the general jilau of the example here described. 



Fig. 2. Bow, hard wood, hickory, the natural surface of the wood on the back. 

 Section nearly square, tapering slightly toward either end. No*-ch single 

 on alternate sides. Bowstring of 4-ply twine. Bow has a siugh; curve. 

 Length: 3 feet 11 inches. The arrow is of the Plains type, showing that 

 region and g.;uie override social and otln r antln()i)<)h)gical disi inctions. 



Cat. No. 8448, r. S. N. M. Tonka vra Indians. Caddoan stork. Ti'x;;s. Collided by !I. 

 McKlderry, L'. S. Army- 



