ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION — FRENKIEL 



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Angeles County, Calif., was often larger than the safe concentration 

 levels recommended by industrial hygienists as the maximum accept- 

 able concentration for adult workmen in the factories. In many 

 urban areas over the world, atmospheric pollution deteriorates build- 

 ings and materials, damages plants and crops, reduces visibility, and 

 increases morbidity. The nuisance of periodic outbursts of smog in 

 New York, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Detroit, Los Angeles, San Fran- 

 cisco, and many other communities in the United States has often 

 been reported. With the growth of a community these outbursts will 

 become more frequent and more damaging unless some appropriate 

 measures are taken to control or to limit the pollution of the atmos- 

 phere. 



Transfz 





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Figure 5. — Schematic representation of the atmospheric pollution cycle consisting of pro- 

 duction, emission, transfer, contact, and damage. 



Although effective measures to reduce air contamination can al- 

 ways be applied, they often require complicated and expensive equip- 

 ment or inconvenient zoning regulations. The costs and inconveni- 

 ences of such measures must be compared with their effects on the re- 

 duction of present or future air contamination of the community. 

 These measures, whether corrective or preventive, must necessarily 

 represent a compromise between the costs and inconveniences of pol- 

 lution control measures and the desire for clean air in the community. 



Mathematical methods can be used to study several aspects of at- 

 mospheric pollution in an industrial area. One of the objects of such 

 studies is to determine the probable pollution patterns and the rela- 

 tive contributions of each pollution source to the mean concentration 

 at each location. As an example of the results that can be obtained 

 with a mathematical model of atmospheric pollution, we shall use Los 



