THE MULTIPLE ORIGIN OF HOESES AND PONTES. 455 



sum:mary. 



I have endeavored to indicate that in post-CJhicial as in j)i-e-({hicial 

 times there were several distinct s[)ecies of horses, and that it is 

 extremely proI)ahle some of the prehistoric species and varieties have 

 l)ersisted almost nnaltered to the present dny. I have shortly described 

 three distinct kinds of living horses, viz, the wild horse of the Gobi 

 Desert {E. c. prejeoalsMi) ; the Celtic ponj^, which, thongli no longer 

 wild, may be known as the E. c. celfictii^; and the Norse horse, which 

 may very well stand as the type of one of the large Occidental breeds, 

 and be known as E. c. typicus. I have also pointed ont that in addi- 

 tion to these three very distinct types — two at least of which have 

 taken part in forming (juite a number of our lU'itish breeds — we have 

 a long-headed, heavily built variety with a straight profile, and a 

 long-headed, heavily built variety with a more or less pronounced 

 Roman nose. I have also indicated that in addition to several Occi- 

 dental varieties there are several African and Oriental varieties, and 

 I might have added that, in so far as the English thoroughl)red is a 

 mixture of African and Oriental varieties and of Occidental light 

 and heavy varieties, it might be cited as an excellent example of a 

 breed which includes amongst its ancestors several wild species — a 

 breed which has had a multiple origin. 



