552 CONTRIBUTIONS OF AMERICAN ARCHEOLOGY TO HUMAN HISTORY. 



Old Woi'ld. The stone age and the red race stand practical!}' alone 

 within the field of study. 



In America the high-Avater mark of culture barely reached the 

 lower limit of civilization. In the Old World the fuller representa- 

 tion of man's career is above that limit, so that America can be ex- 

 pected to assist, especially in l^uilding up the substructure of human 

 history. It can be expected to furnish a fuller reading of the early 

 chapters of culture progress than any other part of the world. 



The position of aboriginal America in the field of culture history 

 and the area of that history which American archeology, as well as 

 zVmerican ethnology, can be expected to illumine is clearly indicated 

 in the accompanying diagram. 



In this diagram the whole field of human history is represented 

 by the five s])accs which, beginning below, are: (1) The stage of pre- 

 human development, through and out of which the race arose; (2) 



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4> C.Ml.a«d 



3 6ar\NLrou« 



A 8ava9« 





the average stage, in which humanity took definite shape; (3) the 

 barbarous stage, in which powerful nations were founded and sys- 

 tems of record were developed; (4) the civilized stage, in which 

 higher culture was achieved, and (5) the enlightened stage, reached 

 as yet only by a limited number of nations. Tlie idea of time is not 

 involved in this diagram. The stage's of [)r()gress thus become a 

 scale on which the cultural achievements of any race or people in its 

 struggle u])ward may be laid down. It enables us to show just what 

 relative i)lace is taken by each race or })eople and just how nuich and 

 at what ])()ints each can contribute to (he history of man; for human 

 history as written is composite, made up of the separate histories 

 of many peoples of all grades of development set together as a 

 mosaic. 



The fan-shaped figure A in the diagram may be taken to express 

 the history of the race; that is, the whole of human progress from 



