A GENERAL VIEW OF THE ArvCHEOLOGY OF THE 

 PUEBLO REGION. 



By Edgar L. Hewett. 



I. LoriTS OF THE Region. 



The term '' pueblo region '' has not yet been acceptably defined. 

 As used in this pai)er it designates that portion of the ITnited States 

 over which are distri1)iited the archeological remains and the living 

 remnants of those aboriginal North American tribes which from 

 their chief connnon characteristic, that of permanent substantial 

 house l)uilding, received from the Spanish conquerors the name of 

 Pueblo or town Indians. It embraces almost the whole of New 

 Mexico and Arizona, with suiall portions of southwestern Colorado 

 and southeastern Utah. There is probalily no reason why the term 

 should not be extended to embrace large portions of the states of 

 Sonora and Chihuahua, in Old Mexico. 



To determine the exact limits of the pueblo region is one of the 

 tasks of American archeology that awaits completion. Special ex- 

 ploration witli a vie.AV to the determination of these limits has not 

 yet been undertaken. However, the archeological remains are of so 

 conspicuous a character that the boundaries are approximately 

 revealed. I accept the Pecos valley, in eastern New Mexico, with its 

 tributary the Gallinas, as the eastern limit. Straggling ruins are 

 found farther east, in Scott County, Kans., and in the Canadian 

 valley, in Texas; l)ut these are remains of temporary settlements. 

 There is no well-established evidence of serious attempts by the 

 aborigines to form permanent substantial settlements upon the 

 " great plains." Those easterly remains of pueblo culture in the 

 Gallinas valley near where the city of Las Vegas now stands and 

 in the Pecos valley in the vicinity of the present Anton Chico were 

 also comparatively transitory. The northern limit is less definite, 

 but is approximately the northern rim of the San Juan Basin, in 

 Colorado and Utah. Such pueblo settlements as were formed north of 

 the San Juan-Grand divide — for example, those of the Lost Canyon 



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