46 REPORT OP THE SECRETARY. 



tion of Indian relics along the southern coast of California and on the 

 neighboring islands. Afterward, in 1875, he was employed by the 

 Smithsonian Institution to extend his explorations as far north as Ore- 

 gon. In 1880 he went to Guayinas, Sonora, to pursue his vocation 

 of civil engineering and surveying, and also with the intention of con- 

 tinuing his archaeological researches. While there, he became interested 

 in mines, and during a visit to the San Antonio copper mines he was 

 taken with fever, and died, after an illness of three days, on the 22d of 

 May, 1883. 



Hermann Diebitsch was born inNeustadt, Silesia, Germany, on the 

 ICth of March, 1818. He died at his residence in Washington, Septem- 

 ber 30, 1883. In 1825 he entered the academy of his native town, at the 

 age of seven years; and in 1831 he entered the University at Breslau, 

 but left it in 1835 to enter the Military Academy in Berlin, where he 

 was graduated as lieutenant in 1838, and soon gained high rank in the 

 Prussian army. In 1850 he came to this country, became connected 

 with the Smithsonian Institution as meteorological clerk and observer 

 in 1853, and remained there with some interruptions (during which he 

 was employed in mathematical work for the Naval Observatory) until 

 his death. For a number of years preceding his death he had charge 

 of the exchange system of the Institution, though for the last year or so 

 incapacitated from active work by a partial paralysis. He was a man 

 of scholarly attainments, and possessed a clear, critical, and analytic 

 quality of mind. 



John Lawrence Smith, M. D., was born near Charleston, S. C, 

 December 1G, 18 L8, and died at his residence in Louisville, Ky., October 

 12, 1883, iu the sixty-fifth year of his age. He was a graduate of the Uni- 

 versity of Virginia, and subsequently of the Medical College of Charles- 

 ton After receiving his medical diploma, he spent several years in 

 Europe, pursuing his studies. In 1844 he was appointed assay er of 

 the State of South Carolina. In 1847 he received an invitation from 

 the Turkish Government to become its miniug engineer and to investi- 

 gate and report on the conditions of cotton-growing in that country. 

 While pursuing these new duties, he made a careful study of the geo- 

 logical and mineralogical characteristics of the emery mines of Turkey, 

 spending about four years in this service. His memoir on the subject 

 was published in the Memoires des Scwants Strangers. He also examined 

 chemically and published a report on the thermal waters of Asia Minor. 



Dr. Smith also invented, in 1851, the ''inverted microscope," by which 

 liquids placed upon a horizontal stage of thin glass could be conven- 

 iently examined from beneath, the illuminating rays passing downward 

 and being then reflected upward to the eye. 



In 1854 he visited Washington City, and became for a year or two 

 the chemist of the Smithsonian Institution, in the laboratory of which 

 he found a congenial place for pursuing his analytical researches, 



