REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 63 



and tradition, and studying the considerable collections of antique pot- 

 tery gathered, some of the results of which latter studies will appear in 

 forthcoming reports. 



On the 19th of January, 1883, Mr. Gushing returned to Zuiii and 

 continued his investigations relative to the sociologic system of the 

 Zunis. He added during the months of March and April more than 

 five hundred pages to his notes on Zuui folk-lore. He also made a brief 

 trip to the ruin sections of Zufii tradition, lying toward the southwest, 

 accompanied by an artist, W. L. Metcalf, as a volunteer assistant, and 

 two Indians. His discoveries near the Escudilla and farther north, in 

 Eastern Arizona, were more important, arch geologically, than he had 

 before made. 



Linguistic Field Work. — Mrs. Erminnie Smith, whose former work had 

 been devoted to the Iroquoian tribes of New York and Upper Canada, 

 was this year engaged among those of Lower Canada, principally Mo- 

 hawks. The isolation of these Indians for nearly two hundred years 

 from the other Iroquois has afforded interesting comparisons regarding 

 dialect and customs. A large amount of literature, consisting of ser- 

 mons, catechisms, vocabularies and dictionaries, the most important of 

 which was in manuscript, the work of French Catholic missionaries, was 

 obtained. By this mearjs the Mohawk synonyms for many words before 

 collected by Mrs. Smith in the Tuscarora, Onondaga, and Seneca dialects, 

 were ascertained. 



Mr. Jeremiah Curtin visited the Indians on the Seneca Eeservation, 

 New York, and collected a large body of linguistic and mythologic ma- 

 terial, and afterwards proceeded to Indian Territory with the same 

 object. 



Mr. H. W. Henshaw, in the latter part of the year, was occupied in 

 Nevada and California. He procured a very complete vocabulary of 

 the Washo language from the members of that tribe, about 300, in the 

 neighborhood of Carson, establishing the former supposition that the 

 Washo language is the sole known representative of a linguistic stock. 

 A similar vocabulary of the Panamint language, hitherto unknown, 

 was obtained, showing it to belong to the Shoshone stock. The Pana- 

 mint tribe was found not to be so near extinction as had been popularly 

 supposed, there remaining about 150 individuals. 



Dr. W. J. Hoffman visited the Ottawa, Ojibwa, and Pottawatomie In- 

 dians of Northern Michigan, and the Sisseton and Mdewakantannawn 

 bands of Dakota, in Minnesota and Dakota, with special reference to the 

 study of pictographs and gesture language. 



Eev. J. Owen Dorsey, during January and February, was on the Kan- 

 sas and Osage Reservations, in the Indian Territory, where he gained 

 considerable linguistic and ethnologic material from the Indians, who 

 speak dialects related to that of the Ponkas and Omahas. Among this 

 material may be specified two dictionaries, of fully three thousand words 



