658 SCIENTIFIC RECORD FOR 1883. 



chemistry and mineralogy, making also a specialty of meteorites, lie 

 was the inventor of the inverted microscope, so useful in the study of 

 chemical reactions. Iu 1851 he was elected professor of chemistry in 

 the University of Virginia, and later to the same chair in the Medical 

 College at Louisville, Ky. During his later years he was the chemist 

 and superintendent of the Louisville Gas Works. 



Dr. Smith's original contributions to chemistry and mineralogy are 

 numerous and important ; with the smaller papers they aggregate 

 nearly one hundred. He published his collected researches in 1873 in 

 an 8vo volume of 400 pages. These embrace several papers on emery, 

 of both Chester, Mass., and of Asia Minor ; several memoirs on meteor- 

 ites, describing more than twenty-five different specimens, and valu- 

 able papers on analytical methods with which his name will always 

 be associated. Dr. Smith was a member of many learned societies, and 

 received high honors from several European Governments. 



Dr. Leonard D. Gale died in Washington, D. C, October 22, in 

 his eighty-fourth year. Dr. Gale was a chemist and physicist and 

 aided Prof. S. F. B. Morse in his early experiments in telegraphy. 

 ' Charles Herbert Hutchinson, a pharmaceutical chemist, died 

 in London in April, aged 24. He published several original researches, 

 and at the time of his death was assistant to Professor Armstrong at 

 the London Institution. 



Peter Spence, born at Brechin, Scotland, in 1806, died at Old 

 Trafford July 5, 1883. He founded the Pendleton Alum Works, near 

 Manchester, which were the largest in the world, being capable of 

 producing 200 tons of alum per week. Mr. Spence took out fifty to 

 sixty patents, nearly all for improvements iu chemical processes. He 

 was accounted one of the best practical chemists of the day, obtaining 

 this distinction by hard work in the laboratory. 



Dr. James Young, the distinguished industrial ehemist of Scotland, 

 died near Glasgow, May 14, 1883, in his seventy-first year. His name 

 has long been identified with the paraffin industry, in which he amassed 

 great wealth. 



John Elliott Howard, a well-known chemist of London, died iu 

 November, aged seventy-six years. 



Dr. Arthur F. Taylor, professor of chemistry in the Case School 

 of Applied Science, Cleveland, Ohio, died suddenly in New York City, 

 June 28, aged thirty-two years. Dr. Taylor was born in Andover, 

 Mass., December 10, 1853, was graduated at Dartmouth in 1874, and 

 at th } University of Gottengen two years later. He took an active 

 part in the organization of the Case School of Applied Sciences, and 

 his early death removed therefrom a man of bright promise. 



Dr. Karl Ludwig Beimer, an industrial chemist of Prussia, died 

 January 15, 1883. Beimer was born December 25, 1845, in Leipzig. 

 In 1875 he made the neat discovery that salicylaldehyde results from 

 the action of chloroform on phenol in the presence of alkalies. 



