ZOOLOGY. 715 



which had no hairs the liquid was extruded from pores in the feet. It 

 is conjectured that about half of the insects, including most Dipters 

 and Hemipters, many Hymenopters and Coleopters, and apparently such 

 Orthopters as do not either fly or leap. If the feet are drawn away, 

 drops of the fluid in question may be detected. 



American Palceozoic Insects. — Within the last few years our knowl- 

 edge of the insects of the Paleozoic period has been greatly increased, 

 chiefly through the labors of Mr. S. H. Scudder. A catalogue of these 

 has recently been published by Mr. R. D. Lacoe in the Journal of the 

 Wyoming Historical and Geological Society, from which it appears that 

 72 species, representing 40 genera, are now known. Of these, 48 spe- 

 cies, of 26 genera, belonged to the true insects or Hexapods; 10 species, 

 of genera, to the Myriapods; and 5 species, representing as many 

 genera, to the Arachnids. 



The lightning organs of the Glow-worms. — The light-producing organs 

 of the principal European Lampyrids, or glow-worms (Lampgris sphti- 

 didula and L. noctiluca) have been examined by Heinrich Bitter von 

 Wiclowiejski and the results published in an elaborate memoir con- 

 tributed to the Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie. The tracheal 

 system was especially investigated in relation to the luminiferous 

 organs, and the entire memoir will well repay perusal. Here it can only 

 be said that the luminiferous organs are shown to be the morphological 

 equivalents or homologues of the fatty bodies, and that the light-giving 

 function is peculiar to the parenchyma cells of the organs in question. 

 The luminosity is the result of slow oxidation of a substance formed 

 by them under the control of the nervous system. 



Genital armature of Butterflies. — The genitalia of the Lepidopters, as 

 well as other insects, are surrounded by various elements at the end of 

 the abdomen, and those of the true butterflies have been recently ex- 

 maiued by Mr. P. H. Gosse. A new nomenclature has been proposed lor 

 the several pieces. Some interesting facts are brought forward in con- 

 nection with the relations of families and the distinction of genera. 

 ( Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. II, p. 205; tieience, vol. I, pp. 22, 23.) 



A viviparous Moth. — A noteworthy fact has been verifled by Dr. 

 Fritz Mailer, of Brazil, and communicated to the Entomological So- 

 ciety of London. A small Brazilian moth was found to be viviparous, 

 and living larva* or caterpillars were seen to be deposited or born of the 

 female. 



The sucker of the Butterflies.— -In 18S0 and 1881 Mr. E. Burgess pub- 

 lished a couple of well considered memoirs on the anatomy of two but- 

 terflies. During the past year Mr. P. Kirbach made known the structure 

 of the mouth parts and pharynx of the Lepidopters in general, and came 

 to essentially the same conclusions as to the morphology of the parts as 



