AUSTRALIAN GROUP RELATIONS. 



811 



Table III. 



English. 



1. Accessory husband . . 



2. Husband 



3. Husband's brother... 



4. Sister's hnsband (F). 



5. Accessory wife 



6. Wife .... 



7. Wife's sister 



8. Brothers wife (M)... 



Kurnai. 



Bra. 

 Bra. 

 Bra. 



Tanama. 



Xa.janduri. 



Najanduri. 



Maian ... Tanama. 



Maian , j Xajanduri. 



Maiau ; Xajanduri. 



Murring. 



(F) means female speaking; (M) male speaking. 



* The Kurnai terms are one of the two dialects spoken by that tribe. It is called Miikthang. 

 Muk = true, superior, eminent ; Thang = speech. Mukthang therefore is the language par excellence. 

 The Murring terms are in the language called Thai awnl, which is spoken by the coast Murring tribes 

 adjoining the Kurnai. It is aointelligible to the Kurnai, as their speech also is to tho Murring ; and 

 yet the bonier clans of the one tribe intermarry with those of the other. Here we find an easy ex- 

 planation of the fact that among savages husband and wife sometimes speak different languages. 



An examination of these terms shows, in those of the Krnai, an ar- 

 chaic simplicity which 1 can only account for on the supposition that 

 they owe their preservation to the extreme isolation of the tribe, arising 

 from the geographical features of their country, which render it extremely 

 difficult of access. No distinction is drawn between the husband, his 

 brother, and the wife's sisters husband. These terms do not fit the ex- 

 isting relations as marked by individual marriage, the exclusive right 

 of the husband to his wife, the absence of the Piaruru practice, and. the 

 male line of descent. But they more clearly accord with the relations 

 which arise on exceptional occasions such as those I have mentioned. 

 The custom on these occasions is analagous to that of the Pirauru, and 

 to this practice the relationship terms of the Kurnai apply, and indicate 

 a possibility of its former prevalence as a custom. 



In the Murring terms a distinction appears between the second and 

 the third and fourth, as well as between the sixth and the seventh and 

 eighth, indicative of individual marriage. 



V. — THE PARENTAL AND FILIAL GROUPS. 



I now return to the Dieri and Kunandaburi, tribes for illustrations of 

 these groups, which I take together as follows : 



Table IV. 



English. 



Mother's Tiraurn 



Father 



Father's brother 



Mother's lister's husband. .. 



Father's Pirauru 



Mother 



Mother's sister 



Father's brother's wife 



Son of Piraurn (M) 



Son of Xoa (M) 



Brother's son (M) 



Wife's sister's son (M) 



Son of Pirauru (F) 



Son (F) 



Sister's son (F; 



Husband's brother's son (F) . 



Kunandaburi. 



urninu. 

 kauali . 



amundi 



karaga. 



worua 

 worua 



Dieri. 



apiri waka.* 



apiri, or apini.t 



apii i waka. 



apiri waka. 



andri waka. 



andri wandrini. 



andri waka. 



andri waka. 



atamura waka. 



atamura, or atamurini. 



atamura waka. 



atamura waka. 



atani waka. 



atani. 



atani waka. 



adada. 



(M) means male speaking; (F) female speaking. 



* Waka = little. 



1 Apini, according to Mr. Gason, means " my father " as " signifying a relation without doubt." It 

 is evidently an abbreviation of apiri = father, and ani = 1. A little difference exists between Mr. 

 Gason's method of spelling the native words and my own. I have followed as nearly as possible the pro- 

 nunciation which I remember to have heard from the natives themselves when I was, in their country. 



