842 PAPERS RELATING TO ANTHROPOLOGY. 



than intentional. The colors are confined to red, caused by oxides of 

 iron j grayish-white, due to the use of "blue clay"; and a very dark 

 brown, the clay not being pure, but mingled with vegetable materials. 



The custom of burial in vases seems not to have been practiced by 

 the Ohio savage, so that the pottery all belongs to the akeek type. 

 The akeek is a vessel rounded at the base and destined for use as a 

 sand bath, being placed in the heated sand and ashes, over which a tire 

 had previously been kindled. The akeek had, therefore, no use for legs, 

 and did not receive any. The edge of the pots generally flared out a 

 little, but, to aid the Indian in removing his akeek, he thickened the 

 lips at various parts of the circumference and allowed it to project a 

 little; this served as a handle. The large and coarser pottery, des- 

 tined to be hung over a continued fire, was pierced by holes not far 

 from the edge, generally two holes a few inches apart, accompanied by 

 a similar set on the opposite side. In some cases little handles are at- 

 tached near the lip of the pot, through which cords might be passed. 

 Usually these are four in number and are placed at equal distances on 

 the edge of the akeek. In this manner the akeeks were readily sus- 

 pended from the apex of a tripod formed by branches of trees. In 

 vessels not intended for suspension these handles are reduced to one or 

 two, which allow a passage of the finger through the ring formed by 

 the handle. In those destined for suspension, the handles as well as 

 the holes usually do not readily admit the passage of a finger, these 

 having evidently been designed only for cords. The necks of all these 

 pots are contracted ; many necks end with this contraction, but most 

 of them flare out again into something of a lip. A very unique pot, or 

 drinking cup, of the former type was found with a depth of about 3£ 

 inches, which contracted at the mouth to only 2J inches. Its average 

 thickness was about five-sixteenths of an inch, but in order to form the 

 lip the edge had been thinned out by pressure between the edge of the 

 fingers until it was only two-sixteenths of an inch in thickness. The 

 finger marks are still visible. In some cases no attempt at a distinct 

 lip was made, the edge of the pot being merely smoothed and rounded 

 off. The height in civilization reached by the Indians here concerned, 

 however, seemed to require at least a rim to his pot, even if all other 

 ornamentations failed. This was formed by doubling back the edge of 

 the pot for a short distance so that it formed a somewhat broad ring 

 about the upper edge of the pot. This was either left plain or orna- 

 mented with the rest of the vessel. 



Ornamentations are usually plain, and even the most elaborate works 

 show but little knowledge of proportion in drawing. It may be divided 

 into incidental and intentional. The incidental art, although not evinc- 

 ing any skill on the part of the Indian as far as artistic matters are con- 

 cerned, was none the less effective, and led to a principle in their art 

 which showed considerable taste. I refer to the matter of relief. The 

 Indian without the aid of a potter's wheel, and relying mainly upon his 



