WAMPANOAG INDIANS OF MASSACHUSETTS. 8 ( J ( J 



Cotult. — Two arrow-heads. On Oyster Island, in the harbor, 2 arrow- 

 heads and part of the skeleton of an Indian. 



Gataumet. — One arrow-head. 



Wellfleet and South Wclljleet. — Five hammer stones, a number of cores, 

 over 200 arrow-heads, 3 spear heads, good pieces of clay pottery, a pipe- 

 stem, and a club-head of syenite with a deep groove all around to fasten 

 it to a handle, as seen in the club of the Massachusetts Historical So- 

 ciety's collection. 



At Assawamsett Pond, Middleborough. — One arrow-head and two fine 

 pestles. 



Nantucket. — Thirty-three arrow-heads, 10 cores, 3 spear-heads, 1 celt 

 of sandstone, and one gun-flint. 



Martha's Vineyard, GMlmark. — Ten spear heads, 48 arrow-heads, and 

 3 hammer-stones. 



Edgartown. — Fifteen arrow-heads, 2 hammer-stones, and 1 flake of 

 stone with edges trimmed up as a minute celt, or scraper. 



Some of the spearheads were of the type called leaf-shaped imple 

 meuts, but a few of them were much larger, and would have made for- 

 midable weapons in a fight. Many of the arrow-heads and some of the 

 spear heads would not be preserved by some collectors; but they are 

 saved, because they illustrate different stages of completion, from the 

 core, out of which only one or two chips have been broken, down to the 

 finished specimen off which not another chip could be taken without 

 injuring the symmetry. Other specimens have been cast aside when 

 nearly finished, owing to some imperfection in the stone itself, and, in 

 one case, occurred several arrow-heads roughly blocked out and left in a 

 pile, evidently with an intention, ou the part of the maker, to finish them 

 up at his leisure. The vessels found on Cape Cod are of three sorts: First, 

 those made of soap stone; second, and most abundant, pottery made of 

 clay mixed with pounded shells and baked after the proper shape had 

 been given by molding the clay in a basket. The basket was burned 

 away, leaving the outer surface much better baked and, in consequence, 

 far redder than the dark clay within. The outer surface bore the im- 

 print of the wickerwork of the basket, and the inner surface the marks 

 of some tool used in applying and shaping the clay with which the bas- 

 ket was lined. The clay must have been applied in three layers, for 

 the broken shells in the center never appeared on the surface to weaken 

 the pottery or mar the beauty. 



The third kind of pottery was made of clay and coarse sand uniformly 

 mixed, and did not appear as tough and well baked as the preceding 

 variety. Among the articles of Indian manufacture found on Cape Cod 

 care was exercised to discover any indications of an ancient aboriginal 

 trade by which the Indians may have been supplied witli articles which 

 they could not obtain in their vicinity. With the exception of the sin- 

 gle flake of stone from Brewster containing a fossil shell, all the material 

 from which arrow-heads were made upon Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard, 



