40 



THE ACTINOMYCETES, Vol. II 



Milk: Acid and curd produced. 



Gelatin: Beaded growth at top of stab. 

 No liquefaction. 



Starch agar: Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Nitrate reduction: Positive. 



Carbon utilization: Glucose, sucrose and 

 maltose utilized; acid produced. 



Paraffin: Growth heavy with trace of 

 yeast extract; no growth without yeast ex- 

 tract . 



Type culture: ATCC 12,830. 



14. Nocardia citrea (Krassilnikov, 1938) 

 Waksman and Henrici, 1948 (Krassilnikov, 

 N. A. Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR No. 1: 139, 

 1938). 



Morphology: Growth yellow to yellow- 

 green, usually rough and folded, of a dough- 

 like consistency. No soluble pigment. In 

 young cultures, mycelium consists of very 

 very fine threads 0.3 to 0.5 n in diameter. 

 After several days the cells break up into 

 short rods 0.5 by 1.5 to 5 n and into cocci 

 0.3 to 0.5 n in diameter. Cells are the small- 

 est of all the nocardias. Multiplies by fission 

 and bud formation. No aerial mycelium. Not 

 acid-fast. 



Synthetic medium: Growth and pigmenta- 

 tion typical. 



Nutrient agar: Growth good. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction rapid. 



Milk: Coagulation and peptonization. 



Starch: Hydrolyzed rapidly. 



Sucrose inversion: Positive. 



Cellulose: No growth. 



Fat: Weak growth. 



Paraffin or wax: No growth. 



Nitrate reduction: Positive. 



Habitat: Soil and water. 



15. Nocardia coeliaca (Gray and Thornton, 

 1928) Waksman and Henrici, 1948 (Gray, 

 P., and Thornton, H. Centr. Bakteriol. 

 Parasitenk. Abt, II, 73: 88, 1928). 



Morphology: Growth in form of short, 

 curved, uneven-sided rods, 0.8 by 5 p; oc- 

 casional filaments up to 10 to 12 p. long; fre- 



quently beaded, occasionally swollen or 

 branched; coccoid forms 0.8 to 1.2 ji in 

 diameter are common, especially in older 

 cultures. Not acid-fast, or occasionally 

 slightly acid-fast. 



Nutrient agar: Colonies less than 1 mm 

 in diameter, round or irregular, raised, white, 

 resinous, edge irregular, burred. Deep col- 

 onies irregularly round or oval, edge slightly 

 broken. Slant filiform, convex, white, rugose, 

 resinous, edge undulate. 



Potato-glycerol agar: Growth dry, crum- 

 pled, orange-colored, becoming brown. 



Gelatin: Surface colonies irregular, raised, 

 white, rugose, dull edge entire. Deep colonies 

 irregular, smooth or slightly broken. Stab 

 convoluted, buff-white to yellowish, dull. 

 Below surface the growth forms many ir- 

 regular hollow lobes, giving a glistening ap- 

 pearance, to a depth of 3 to 4 mm. 



Milk: Slightly alkaline after 5 to 7 days. 



Nutrient broth: Turbid. 



Nitrate reduction: None. 



Phenol: Utilized. 



Egg medium: Growth raised, smooth, 

 moist, verrucose, buff -colored. 



Temperature: Optimum 22-25°C. 



Source: Soil. 



Remarks: No acid from glucose, lactose, 

 sucrose, or glycerol. No chromogenesis. 

 Hollow lobes produced in deep gelatin cul- 

 tures. 



Type culture: ATCC 13181. 



16. Nocardia corallina (Bergey etal., 1923) 

 Waksman and Henrici, 1948 (Hefferan, M. 

 Centr. Bakteriol. Parasitenk. Abt. II, 11: 

 459, 1904; Bergey et a/., Manual, 1st ed., 

 1923, p. 93). 



Synonyms: Nocardia minima (Proactino- 

 myces minimus Jensen). Bacillus mycoides 

 corallinus Reader, 1926. 



Morphology: Growth pink to red to 

 orange-yellow. Branching mycelium, gener- 

 ally curved. In older cultures, hyphae de- 

 generate generally into shorter rods and 

 cocci. Not acid-fast . 



