174 



THE ACTINOMYCETES, Vol. II 



Not A. annulatus Wollenweber, 1920. 



Morphology: Sporophores produce spirals, 

 with 3 to 7 turns (sinistrorse) . Spores spheri- 

 cal, 0.7 ii. 



Sucrose nitrate agar: Growth colorless, 

 Hat, penetrating deep into agar. Aerial 

 mycelium white, velvety, growing in the 

 form of concentric rings. 



Nutrient agar: Colorless growth. Aerial 

 mycelium white, concentric rings less 

 marked. Melanin-negative. 



Gelatin: Slow liquefaction. 



Milk: Positive coagulation and slow 

 peptonization. 



Starch: Hydrolysis. 



Cellulose: Growth good. 



Invertase: Positive. 



Production of H 2 S: Negative. 



Odor: Strong, earthy. 



Antagonistic properties: Highly antag- 

 onistic to mycobacteria and gram-positive 

 bacteria; some strains are active against 

 fungi. 



Habitat: Soil. 



Remarks: Krassilnikov (1940) considers 

 this organism as a variety of S. albus. 



Type culture: IMRU 3307. 



19. Streptomyces antibioticus (Waksman 

 and Woodruff, 1941) Waksman and Henrici, 

 1948 (Waksman, S. A. and Woodruff, H. B. 

 J. Bacteriol. 42: 232, 240, 1941; see also 

 Waksman, S. A. and Gregory, F. J. Anti- 

 biotics & Chemotherapy 4: 1050-1056, L954). 



Morphology: Sporophores straight, long, 

 arranged in clusters or broom-shaped bodies; 

 usually not wavy and no spirals; some 

 strains may produce a few spirals. Spores 

 nearly spherical to somewhat elliptical, 

 smooth (PL 11 1). Capacity to produce aerial 

 mycelium may be lost upon continued 

 cultivation on artificial media (PI. V Kb). 



Sucrose nitrate agar: Growth cream- 

 colored to yellowish, tending to darken in 

 reverse. Aerial mycelium light to mouse- 

 gray, with white patches. Soluble pigment 

 t'.iint yellowish to yellow to dark. 



Glucose-asparagine agar: Growth cream- 

 colored, with yellowish to orange to dark 

 reverse. Aerial mycelium light to ash-gray. 

 Soluble pigment absent or yellow to brown- 

 ish. 



Calcium malate agar: Growth colorless to 

 yellowish. Aerial mycelium white to white- 

 gray. 



Nutrient agar: Growth brownish, thin. 

 Aerial mycelium yellowish-gray to yellow- 

 ish-green. Soluble pigment brown to dark. 

 Melanin-positive. 



Potato: Growth thin to heavy, lichenoid; 

 brownish to orange in color, sometimes 

 olive-green. Aerial mycelium absent or 

 thin to patchy, white or gray. Soluble pig- 

 ment brownish to dark; absent in many 

 cultures. 



Gelatin: Growth yellowish to brown to 

 dark brown. Aerial mycelium as patches of 

 white to gray. Soluble pigment black. 

 Liquefaction at first very slow, later be- 

 coming more rapid. 



Milk: Thick surface ring, brownish. Aerial 

 mycelium mouse-gray with greenish tinge. 

 No coagulation, but gradual peptonization. 

 Soluble pigment brownish to black. 



Production of H>S: Positive. 



Tyrosinase: Negative. 



Antagonistic properties: Marked antag- 

 onistic effect on bacteria and fungi. Produces 

 actinomycin A, the first crystalline anti- 

 biotic ever isolated from an actinomycete 

 culture. 



Source: Isolated from soil on Escherichia 

 coZi-washed plate, using living cells of E. 

 coli as the only source of available nutrients. 

 Later also isolated from a variety of dif- 

 ferent soils. 



Remarks: Ettlinger ct al. (1958) included 

 in this group S. bikiniensis, S. cinereoruber, 

 S. eurythermus, and S. ipomoeae. Krassil- 

 nikov (1949) included this species with A. 

 parvus. 



Type culture: IMRU 3435. 



20. Streptomyces antimycoticus Waksman 



