DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES OF STREPTOMYCES 



177 



organic solvents. Aerial mycelium poorly 

 developed. Melanin-negal ive. 



Potato: Soluble pigmenl lirown. 



Gelatin: Growth yellow to orange-yellow 

 to deep orange. Liquefaction none or slow. 

 No aerial mycelium. 



Milk: Surface growth orange. No coagula- 

 tion; unchanged or weak peptonization. 



Starch: Slow hydrolysis. 



( lellulose: No growth. 



Nitrate: No reduction. 



[nvertase: None. 



Fats: Hydrolysis and utilization rapid. 



Paraffin: Growth good, with spiral-form- 

 ing sporophores and spherical spores. 



Pigment: Red-orange, extracted with 96 

 per cent alcohol. The orange pigmenl was 

 dissolved in petroleum ether, the red pig- 

 menl being insoluble (Kriss). 



Antagonistic properties: Strongly antago- 

 nistic to gram-positive bacteria. 



Habitat: Soil, dust. 



Remarks: Some strains deposit ferric 

 oxide on the surface of the hyphae. 



25. Streptomyces aureofaciens Duggar, 

 I'll!) (Duggar, B. M. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 

 51: 177. 1948; U.S. Patent 2,482,055, Sept, 

 14. 1949 . 



Morphology: Sporophores monopodially 

 branched, flexuous, producing open spirals. 

 Spores spherical to oval, smooth (PI. II m). 



Sucrose nitrate agar: Substrate growth 

 only. Occasionally faint brownish pigmenl 

 produced. 



Glucose-asparagine-mea1 extracl agar: 

 Growth hyaline, changing to orange-yellow 

 or purplish-brown. Aerial mycelium, if 

 present, white, changing to ash-gray or dark 

 gray with tawny reverse. Fainl yellowish 

 soluble pigmenl occasionally discernible. 



Nutrient agar: Growth good, translucenl 

 In brownish. No aerial mycelium. No soluble 

 pigmenl . Melanin-negal ive. 



Potato: Growth lichenoid, lighl orange- 

 yellow to brown-red to purplish. No aerial 

 mycelium. Color of plug unchanged. 



Gelatin: Cream-colored surface ring. Liq- 

 uefaction none to limited. No soluble pig- 

 menl . 



Milk: Growth limited, yellow-brown sur- 

 face. Coagulation and peptonization variable 

 (often none, occasionally presenl I. 



Production of IPS: Mostly uegative. 



Antagonistic properties: Produces chlor- 

 tetracycline, an amphoteric compound 

 containing both nitrogen and non-ionic 

 chlorine, active againsl various bacteria, 

 rickettsiae, and the larger viruses. The 

 organism also produces, especially in a 

 chlorine-poor medium, tetracycline. The 

 presence of phosphorus in the medium in- 

 fluences not only growth but also antibiotic 

 production ( Prokofieva-Belgovskaya and 

 Popova, 1 a")!)). 



Habitat: Soil. 



Remarks: The numerous natural and 

 induced variants of S. aureofaciens display 

 wide variations in color of substrate growth, 

 ranging from pale yellow to reddish-brown, 

 and even occasionally greenish, depending 

 upon the composition of the nutrient sub- 

 strates and environmental conditions (Dug- 

 gar et al., 1954). Color of aerial mycelium 

 is influenced by sporulation. Ettlillger et nl. 

 I 1958) included S. ambofaciens in tin- group. 



Type culture: IMRU 3550; ATCC L0/762. 



26. Streptomyces aureus (Waksman and 

 Curtis, 1916) Waksman and Henrici, 1948 

 (Waksman, S. A. and Curtis, R. K. Soil Sci. 

 1: 24, 1916; 8: «.»7. 1919). 



Morphology: Aerial mycelium forms 

 sporophores with numerous closed spirals; 

 some strains produce flexible sporophores 

 with open spirals. Spores spherical to oval, 

 0.6, to 1.0 by 0.8 to 1.1m (Fig. 32). 



Sucrose nitrate agar: ( rrowth thin, spread- 

 ing, colorless, becoming dark brown. Aerial 

 mycelium thin, powdery, mouse-gray, be- 

 coming cinnamon-drab. No soluble pigment. 



Malate-glycerol agar: Growth cream- 

 colored, with surface almosl black. Aerial 

 mycelium lighl brown. No soluble pigment. 



