192 



THE ACTIXOMYCETES, Vol. II 



white to gray. Soluble pigment sulfur-yel- 

 low. 



Nutrient agar: Growth olive-buff, turn- 

 ing colorless. Aerial mycelium scant, cot- 

 tony, white to grayish. Soluble pigment 

 yellow with tinge of green to gold. 



Potato: Growth wrinkled, deep olive-buff. 

 Aerial mycelium white to olive-buff. Soluble 

 pigment deep olive-buff. 



Gelatin: Growth ivory-yellow to olive-buff 

 on surface of liquefied layer. No aerial my- 

 celium. Faint brownish pigment. Rapid to 

 medium liquefaction. 



Milk: Growth yellow to dark olive-buff. 

 Aerial mycelium white. Soluble pigment red- 

 dish-brown. Coagulation and rapid peptoni- 

 zation. 



Tyrosine medium: Growth ivory-yellow to 

 cream-buff. Aerial mycelium absent or scant 

 white. Soluble pigment greenish-yellow. 



Cellulose agar: Growth poor. Soluble pig- 

 ment yellow. 



Production of H 2 S: Negative. 



Antagonistic properties: Produces thio- 

 lutin, aureothricin. 



Habitat: Soil. 



48. Streptomyces cellulosae (Krainsky, 

 1914) Waksman and Henrici, 1948 (Krain- 

 sky, A. Centr. Bakteriol. Parasitenk. Abt. 

 II., 41: 683-088, 1914). 



Description after Jensen, H. L. Soil Sci. 

 30: 65, 1930. 



Morphology: Sporophores straight; no 

 spiral formation. Spores almost spherical, 1.3 

 fj. in diameter. 



Sucrose nitrate agar: Growth at first trans- 

 parent, becoming lemon-yellow. Aerial my- 

 celium light gray, later deep slate-gray. Sol- 

 uble pigment may be lemon-yellow. 



Calcium malate agar: Colonies yellowish; 

 aerial mycelium gray to white-gray. Soluble 

 pigment yellow. 



Glucose-asparagine agar: Growth abun- 

 dant; aerial mycelium gray. Soluble yellow 

 pigment, especially with high nitrogen con- 

 ;entration. 



Glucose nutrient agar: Good substrate 

 growth, at first cream-colored, later sulfur- 

 yellow. Aerial mycelium white, later gray. 



Potato: Growth light cream-colored, later 

 often yellow. Aerial mycelium white, later 

 slate-gray. 



Gelatin: Growth yellowish-gray to gray- 

 ish-black. Rapid liquefaction. 



Milk: Rapid coagulation and peptoniza- 

 tion. 



Cellulose: Growth good. 



Esculin: Hydrolysis. 



Starch: Diastatic action strong. 



Nitrate: Reduction weak. 



Invertase: Negative. 



Production of H 2 S: Negative. 



Temperature: Optimum 30-35°C. 



Pigment: Soluble in alcohol and other or- 

 ganic solvents. 



Antagonistic properties: Produces anti- 

 biotics fungichromin and actinomycin. 



Habitat: Very common in soil. 



Remarks: The culture described by Krain- 

 sky (1914) produced an aerial mycelium of a 

 gray color ("like diastaticus" >. hater, how- 

 ever, Krainsky 's culture was found to pro- 

 duce a grayish-yellow aerial mycelium like 

 the streptomycin-producing S. griseus (Ett- 

 linger et al., 1958); these authors also con- 

 sider the S. cellulosae strains obtained from 

 ATCC and NRRL as closely related to S. 

 griseus. Most probably, one of these cultures 

 was used in the studies of 4 "resiier and Danga 

 (1958), who mention a yellow-cream-buff 

 color of the aerial mycelium. In contrast to 

 these cellulosae strains now available for 

 comparison, Jensen (1930a) described five 

 soil isolates as .1. cellulosae with a distinc- 

 tive slate-gray aerial mycelium, in agree- 

 ment with Krainsky's description. Krassilni- 

 kov (1949) considers this organism as a 

 variety of .1 . flavus. 



Type culture: I. MRU 3313, 37S0. 



49. Streptomyces chartreusis Calhoun and 

 Johnson, 1956 (Calhoun, K. M. and John- 



