196 



THE ACTINOMYCETES, Vol. II 



Potato: Growth dark to ligh.1 cream-col- 

 ored. No aerial mycelium. No soluble pig- 

 ment; later, black pigment produced around 

 growth. 



Gelatin: Growth colorless to dark brown- 

 ish. Aerial mycelium in form of white 

 patches. Soluble pigment brown. Xo or very 

 slow liquefaction. 



Milk: Growth cream-colored to brownish 

 surface ring. Aerial mycelium absent or 

 scant white. Soluble pigment absent or 

 slightly brown. Coagulation and peptoniza- 

 tion absent or very slow. 



Starch agar: Growth colorless. Aerial my- 

 celium white with pinkish tinge. No soluble 

 pigment. Hydrolysis good. 



Cellulose: No growth. 



Nitrate reduction: None. 



Production of H 2 S: Positive. 



Carbon utilization: Sucrose, mannose, dex- 

 trin, galactose, glycerol, fructose, glucose, 

 maltose, mannitol, xylose, and sodium suc- 

 cinate utilized. Arabinose, esculin, rhamnose, 

 dulcitol, sodium acetate, inulin, lactose, sali- 

 cin, and raffinose not utilized. 



Antagonistic properties: Produces an anti- 

 biotic active against mycobacteria and iden- 

 tical with actithiazic acid or thiozolidone. 



Remarks: The culture resembles S. roseo- 

 chromogenes in color of growth and in no or 

 slow liquefaction of gelatin. It differs in the 

 lack of spiral formation and of nitrate re- 

 duction. Gause et al. (1957) described a 

 variety of this organism under the name of 

 .4. cinnamonensis var. proteolyticus. A. dag- 

 hestanicus and A. fumanus described by 

 these authors apparently also belong to this 

 group, although they differ from it in some 1 

 respects. According to Benedict and Prid- 

 ham (1959) a group of cooperators consid- 

 ered this organism as S. cinnamonensis, S. 

 virginiae, S. acidomyceticus, S. roseochromo- 

 genes, and S. lavendulae; an opinion was ex- 

 pressed that all of these are probably re- 

 lated to S. lavendulae. 



Type culture: ATCC 12,308. 



55. Streptomyces circulatus ( Krassilnikov, 

 1941) Waksman (Krassilnikov, N. A. Aetino- 

 mycetales. Izvest. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Mos- 

 kau, p. 60, 1941). 



Morphology: Sporophores produce verti- 

 cils with spiral-shaped short branches. Spores 

 cylindrical or oblong, 1.5 by 0.7 n, some 

 rounding up with age of culture. 



Synthetic agar: Growth good, colorless. 

 Aerial mycelium abundant, white. 



Nutrient agar: Growth weak. No aerial 

 mycelium. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction weak. 



Milk: No coagulation; slow peptonization. 



Starch: Hydrolysis weak. 



Cellulose: No growth. 



Paraffin: Growth good. Aerial mycelium 

 white. 



Nitrate reduction: Weak. 



Sucrose: No inversion. 



Antagonistic properties: Limited. 



Habitat: Soil. 



56. Streptomyces citreus (Krainsky, 1914) 

 Waksman and Henrici, 1948 (Krainsky, A. 

 Centr. Bakteriol. Parasitenk. Abt. II., 41: 

 684, 1914; Waksman, S. A. and Curtis, R. 

 E. Soil Sci. 1: 116, 1916; 8: 121, 1919). Not 

 Actinomyces citreus Gasperini, 1894. 



Morphology: Sporophores form long nar- 

 row, open spirals, dextrorse. Spores spheri- 

 cal to oval, 1.2 to 1.5 by 1.2 to 1.8 m- 



Sucrose nitrate agar: Growth abundant, 

 raised, wrinkled, citron-yellow. Aerial myce- 

 lium white to citron-yellow. No soluble pig- 

 ment. 



Malate-glycerol agar: Growth creamy to 

 yellow. Aerial mycelium white with mouse- 

 gray tinge. No soluble pigment. 



Glucose-asparagine agar: Growth glossv, 

 olive-yellow; center elevated. Aerial myce- 

 lium white to pinkish. No soluble pigment. 



Nutrient agar: Growth restricted, green. 

 No aei'ial mycelium. No soluble pigment. 



Potato: Growth yellowish to gray. Aerial 

 mycelium white. No soluble pigment. 



Gelatin: Surface growth restricted, yellow- 



