204 



THE ACTINOMYCETES, V 



II 



and levulose. Poor growth with galactose, 

 lactose, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, 

 and cellulose. Does not utilize sucrose, 

 sorbitol, dulcitol, inositol, or paraffin. 



Antagonistic properties: Produces an 

 antibiotic, endomycin, active largely upon 

 fungi. 



Remarks: Tresner and Backus (1956) 

 consider this organism as a variant of the 

 S. hygroscopicus group. 



70. Streptomyces erythraeus (Waksman 

 and Curtis, L916) Waksman and Henrici, 

 1948 (Waksman, S. A. and Curtis, P. E. 

 Soil Sci. 1: 99, 1910; Waksman, 8. A. Soil 

 Sci. 8: 112, 1919). 



Morphology: line, monopodially 



branched aerial mycelium; numerous sporo- 

 phores with open and closed spirals. Spores 

 spherical to oval, 0.7 to 0.8 M , smooth (PI. 

 II m). 



Sucrose nitrate agar: Growth yellowish, 

 later becoming red. Pigment insoluble in 

 medium. Aerial mycelium thick, white to 

 pale rose. 



Glucose-asparagine agar: Growth abun- 

 dant, spreading, cream-colored, later turn- 

 ing brown chiefly on surface; center raised, 

 lobate margin. 



Nutrient agar: Substrate growth cream- 

 colored. No soluble pigment. 



Potato: Growth wrinkled, cream-colored, 

 becoming yellowish to red to purplish. 

 Melanin-negalive. 



Gelatin: Growth abundant, dense, gray 

 with pinkish tinge, chiefly on surface of 

 slowly liquefied portion. No soluble pigment. 



Milk: Surface zone yellowish. Limited 

 coagulation and positive peptonization. 



Starch media: Growth cream-colored with 

 faint greenish tinge. Hydrolysis. 



Cellulose: Growth brick-red. 



Invertase: None. 



Nitrate: Reduction to nitrite only with 

 starch. 



Production of IPS: Negative. 



Temperature: Optimum 25 ('. 



Antagonistic properties: Marked. Pro- 

 duces erythromycin A and B. 



Habitat: Soil. 



Remarks: According to Ettlinger et al. 

 (1958) S. rimosus and S. roseochromogenes 

 belong to this group. Krassilnikov (1949) 

 considers this organism as a variety of .1. 

 ruber. A closely related, melanin-positive 

 culture has been described as a new species, 

 S. bottropensis (Brit. Pat. 762, 736, Nov. 19, 

 1953). 



Type culture: IMRU 37M7; ATCC 11,635. 



71 . Streptomya s erythrochromogenes 



(Krainsky, 1914) Waksman and Henrici, 

 1948 (Krainsky, A. Centr. Bakteriol. Para- 



sitenk. Abt. II, 41: 079-082, 1914). 



Different strains of this organism have 

 been studied by Krainsky (1914), Waksman 

 and Curtis ( 1910), Jensen ( 1930), and < )kami 

 and Suzuki (1958). 



Morphology: Sporophores flexible, curved; 

 spiral formation abundant according to 

 Jensen and Okami and Suzuki. Waksman 

 and Curtis reported no spirals. Spores oval. 



Sucrose nitrate agar: Growth at first 

 cream-colored, later turning red to violet to 

 purple. Aerial mycelium white to light gray. 

 Soluble pigment red to red-violet according 

 to Jensen. 



Calcium malate agar: Growth red to 

 violet. Aerial mycelium grayish, with white 

 margin. 



Glucose-asparagine agar: Aerial mycelium 

 gray to white. Soluble pigment red. 



Nutrient agar: Growth yellowish-gray to 

 light brown. Aerial mycelium white to light 

 gray. Soluble pigment brown to deep brown. 



Starch agar: Aerial mycelium gray. Solu- 

 ble pigment rose-colored. Diastatic action 

 weak. 



Potato: Growth yellowish-gray, later al- 

 most black. Aerial mycelium gray. Soluble 

 pigment black. Melanin-posit ive. 



Gelatin: Growth yellowish to light purple. 

 Liquefaction very slow. Soluble pigment 

 brown. 



