'is 



THE ACTINOMYCETES, V« 



been described under a variety of differenl 

 names. It is sufficient to mention S. caelestis, 

 which produces an antibiotic, celesticetin, 

 described by DeBoer et al. (1954) and A. 

 glaucescens, together with a variety badius, 

 described by Gause et al. (11)57). 



102. Streptomyces globisporus (Krassilni- 

 kov, 1941) Waksman (Krassilnikov, X. A. 

 Actinomycetales. Izvest. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 

 Moskau, p. 48, 1941). 



Morphology: Sporophores straight or 

 wavy, often gathered in clusters or tufts; no 

 spirals. Spores oval ( 1 .2 to 1 .4 by 1 .8 to 

 2.0 m) or spherical (0.9 to 1.4 M ). 



Starch-KN0 3 agar: Growth abundant, 

 colorless. Aerial mycelium light yellow to 

 greenish-yellow with pinkish tinge. No 

 soluble pigment. 



Glucose-peptone agar: Growth colorless 

 or greenish. Aerial mycelium creamy, seldom 

 greenish-yellow. Soluble pigment absent or 

 faint yellowish. 



Gelatin: Rapid liquefaction. Soluble pig- 

 ment absent or light brownish. 



Potato: Growth colorless or brownish. 

 Aerial mycelium greenish-yellow. Ring 

 brownish or colorless. 



Milk: No coagulation; rapid peptoniza- 

 tion. 



Starch: Weak hydrolysis. 



Invertase: None. 



Nitrate: Reduced to nitrite. 



Cellulose: No or poor growth. 



Antagonistic properties: Some strains 

 suppress gram-positive bacteria. 



Habitat: Soil. 



Remarks: Krassilnikov recognized several 

 substrains of the species on the basis of 

 milk coagulation, proteolysis, and pigmenta- 

 tion of aerial mycelium. It is sufficient to 

 mention A. globisporus vulgaris, A. globis- 

 porus griseus, A. globisporus loch's, A. globis- 

 porus diastaticus, A. globisporus flaveolus, A. 

 globisporus circulatus, A. globisporus scabies, 

 and A. globisporus albus. This heterogeneous 



collection is mosl unfortunate, since these 

 "species" show differences in color of aerial 

 mycelium, in formation of soluble pigments, 

 etc. 



Krassilnikov (1 ( .)4'.)) considered the strep- 

 tomycin-producing organism as a variety 

 of this species, designating it at first as ^4. 

 globisporus streptomycini, and later as A. 

 streptomycini; A. griseus Krainsky was 

 distinguished from this species on the basis 

 of the fact that the sporophores of the latter 

 exhibited spiral formation. This again was 

 the cause of much confusion in nomenclature 

 of the streptomycin-producing organism in 

 the literature of the Soviet Union. 



Later, Krassilnikov (1958) divided the 4. 

 globisporus group, on the basis of antago- 

 nistic effects, into a number of subgroups, 

 including A. vulgaris, A. toxicus, A. levoris, 

 A. bacillaris, A. fluoresceins, A. raffinosus, A. 

 longisporus, and .1 . grisinus. 



Gause et al. (1957) described .4. globis- 

 porus in the series "helvolus," comprising 

 the S. griseus group; they also listed several 

 additional forms belonging to S. globisporus 

 under the names A. caucasicus and A. 

 cyanofuscatus. The above description is 

 based upon the comparison made by Gause 

 et al. of six cultures and Krassilnikov 's 

 authentic strain. 



103. Streptomyces globosus ( Krassilnikov, 

 1941) Waksman (Krassilnikov, N. A. Actino- 

 mycetales. Izvest. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 

 Moskau, p. 58, 1941). 



Morphology: Sporophores straight, short, 

 slightly branched, wavy. Spores spherical to 

 oval. 



Agar media: Substrate growth brown to 

 dark brown. Aerial mycelium dark gray, 

 velvety. Soluble pigment dark brown. 



Gelatin: Weak liquefaction. No soluble 

 pigment. Melanin formation questioned by 

 Hoffmann (1958). 



Potato: Soluble pigment red-brown (Hoff- 

 mann, 1958). 



