220 



THE ACTINOMYCETES, Vol. II 



Gelatin: Growth cream-colored with 

 brownish tinge. Aerial mycelium absent, or 

 scant, white. Liquefaction rapid. 



Milk: Growth cream-colored. Coagulation 

 and peptonization. 



Tyrosine agar: No pigment produced. 



Nitrate reduction: Positive. 



Production of H 2 S: Negative. 



Carbon utilization: Okami (1950) re- 

 ported that the grisein-producing organism 

 (S. griseinus) grows more readily in synthetic 

 media containing glucose, glycerol, and 

 sucrose than the streptomycin-producing S. 

 griseus. According to Benedict et al. (1955), 

 the former utilizes xylose, L-arabinose, and 

 rhamnose, but S. griseus utilizes only xylose. 



Phage sensitivity: Not sensitive to phages 

 effective against S. griseus strains. 



Pigments: No soluble pigments on calcium 

 malate or succinate media, whereas S. gri- 

 seus forms green and yellow pigments on 

 these media, according to Benedict and Lind- 

 enfelser (1951). 



Antagonistic properties: Produces the an- 

 tibiotic grisein. Albomycin, produced by A. 

 subtropicus (Gause, L955), is an identical or 

 closely related compound (Waksman, 1957; 

 Thrum, 1957). 



Remarks: S. griseus and N. griseinus show 

 other striking differences. There are some 

 close resemblances between these and the 

 viomycin-producing cultures. Thus, on tyro- 

 sine-starch agar, certain S. griseus strains 

 form a dark pigment in the agar, whereas S. 

 griseinus strains resemble the viomycin-pro- 

 ducing cultures by not forming this pigment . 

 S. griseinus and the viomycin group grow 

 well on NaN0 3 , but S. griseus utilizes this 

 compound poorly. .1. subtropicus, described 

 by Kudrina and Kochetkova (1958), is 

 closely related to, if not identical with S. 

 (/risci nus. 



Type culture: [MRU 3478. 



107. Streptomyces griseobrunneus Waks- 

 man, L919 (Waksman, S. A. Soil Sci. 8: 125 

 127, 10 19). 



Morphology: Sporophores usually straight 

 on most media; often a few short, open 

 spirals are formed; 1 ufts are produced on 

 certain media. Spores oval-shaped. 



Sucrose nitrate agar: Growth cream-col- 

 ored to yellowish-brown. Aerial mycelium 

 appears early; powdery, olive-buff to water- 

 green. No soluble pigment. 



Glycerol-calcium malate agar: Growth 

 cream-colored. Aerial mycelium water-green 

 in color. 



Glucose-asparagine agar: Growth yellow- 

 ish-brown. Aerial mycelium pale olive-buff. 

 No soluble pigment. 



Nutrient agar: Growth cream-colored, be- 

 coming brown. Aerial mycelium abundant, 

 white. Soluble pigment brown. 



Starch agar: Growth cream-colored to yel- 

 lowish. Aerial mycelium white. Good hydrol- 

 ysis. 



Egg media: Growth cream-colored with 

 brownish tinge. Aerial mycelium olive-buff. 

 Soluble pigment purple. 



Potato: Growth brownish. Aerial myce- 

 lium white, turning olive-buff. Soluble pig- 

 ment faintly brown. 



Gelatin: Growth cream-colored, turning 

 brown. Aerial mycelium white. Soluble pig- 

 ment deep brown. Medium liquefaction. 



Milk: No coagulation; rapid peptoniza- 

 tion. 



Nitrate reduction: Positive. 



Sucrose: Xo inversion. 



Cellulose: Good growth. 



Habitat: Sewage. 



Remarks: This organism had been de- 

 scribed by Waksman (1919) as Actinomyces 

 218, but never named before. It was said to 

 be closely related to S. griseus, differing from 

 it by lesser proteolysis and production of a 

 brown pigment on protein media. 



Type culture: [MRU 3068. 



108. Streptomyces griseocarneus Benedict 

 et al, 1951 (Benedict, R. G., Lindenfelser, 

 P. A., Stodola, F. IP, and Traulier, I). PI. 

 J. Bacteriol. 62: 487-497, 1951; see also 



