222 



THE ACTINOMYCETES, Vol. II 



Remarks: S. griseochromogenes belongs to 

 the group of chromogenic actinomycetes. S. 

 resistomycificus differs from S. griseochromo- 

 genes in the color of its aerial mycelium ob- 

 served on various media, and also in that it 

 produces an aerial mycelium on nutrienl 

 agar and a soluble pigment in glucose-aspara- 

 gine agar. S. mirabilis has a different form 

 of aerial mycelium and a different optimum 

 temperature. S. flavochromogenes produces 

 an aerial mycelium on nutrient agar and a 

 grayish soluble pigment. S. olivochromogenes 

 assumes a dark brown or black color of 

 growth and shows an alkaline reaction in 

 milk medium. S. diastatochromogenes is quite 

 similar to S. griseochromogenes in the ap- 

 pearance of its growth on several media, but 

 differs from it by producing a white or gray 

 aerial mycelium on nutrient agar, and also 

 by producing tyrosinase. 



110. Streptomyces griseoflavus (Krainsky, 

 L914) Waksman and Henrici, L948 (Krain- 

 sky, A. Centr. Bakteriol. Parasitenk. AM. 

 II, 41: (584, L914). 



Morphology: Sporophores straight, mono- 

 podially branched; no curvatures and uo 

 spirals produced. Spores oblong, 1.0 to 1.2 n, 

 covered with short spines. (According to 

 Ettlinger et al. (\ { .)r>S), open, regular spirals 

 are formed.) 



Sucrose nitrate agai : Growth reddish- 

 brown to orange. Aerial mycelium gray to 

 yellowish-gray. Faint greenish-yellow soluble 

 pigment . 



Glucose-asparagine agar: Growth citron- 

 yellow. Aerial mycelium powdery, greenish- 

 yellow changing to gray (Hoffmann, L958). 



Calcium malate agar: Growth yellowish- 

 green-gray. 



Nutrienl agar: Growth cream-colored, 

 covered with white to gray aerial mycelium. 

 Soluble pigment absent or, according to 

 Hoffmann (1958), greenish-gray. 



Starch agar: Growth cream-colored with 

 brownish center. Aerial mycelium absent or 

 powdery, gray. Hydrolysis limited. 



Potato: Growth lichenoid, yellowish. Ae- 

 rial mycelium powdery, white to gray. Mela- 

 nin-negative. 



Gelatin: Growth cream-colored to brown- 

 ish, covered with white to yellowish -gray 

 aerial mycelium. Positive Liquefaction. Mela- 

 nin-negative. 



Milk: Growth cream-colored to yellowish; 

 aerial mycelium thin, white. Xo coagulation; 

 rapid peptonization. 



Cellulose: Growth good. Greenish-yellow 

 soluble pigment, according to Hoffmann 

 (1958). 



Nitrate: Strong reduction to nitrite. 



Production of H 2 S: Negative. 



Invertase: Negative. 



Antagonistic properties: According to 

 Waga (1953), a member of this group pro- 

 duced an antibiotic, griseoflavin; this anti- 

 biotic was later (Kuroya et al., 1958) found 

 to be identical with novobiocin. Another 

 antibiotic, grisamine, has also been reported. 



Remarks: According to Jensen (1930), the 

 species is characterized by the grayish-yellow 

 color of its aerial mycelium, which never 

 assumes the distinct green shade of S. griseus. 

 A detailed study of the life cycle of this 

 organism has been made by Saito and Ikeda 

 (1958). They found that between the pri- 

 mary (vegetative phase) and the secondary 

 (sporulation phase) mycelium, there may be 

 a transitional stage which comprises "nests," 

 "swollen bodies," and "clubs, " correspond- 

 ing to the "initial cells" reported in the litera- 

 ture. 



111. Streptomyces griseolus (Waksman, 

 1923) Waksman and Henrici, 1948 (Waks- 

 man, S. A. Actinomyces '.Mi. Soil Sci. 8: 121, 

 L919). 



Morphology: Sporophores short, straight, 

 without spirals, some curling found on side 

 branches. Spores spherical to oval-shaped in 

 cylindrical. 



Sucrose nitrate agar: Growth colorless, 

 thin, spreading, chiefly in the medium. 

 Aerial mycelium at first gray, later becoming 



