228 



THE ACTINOMYCETES, Vol. II 



wood-ash to steel-gray. Soluble pigment 

 brown. 



Potato: Growth gray. Aerial mycelium 

 limited, gray. Soluble pigment dark brown, 

 almost black. 



Milk: No coagulation or peptonization. 

 Slight acid reaction. Soluble pigment green- 

 ish-brown. 



Gelatin: Slight liquefaction at 26°C in 19 

 days. Soluble pigment brown. 



Si arch: Slight hydrolysis in 7 days at 28- 

 30°C. 



Blood agar: No hemolysis. Soluble pig- 

 ment black. 



Production of H 2 S: Positive. 



Carbon utilization: Utilizes arabinose, 

 rhamnose, glucose, galactose, fructose, su- 

 crose, maltose, lactose, xylose, raffinose, cell- 

 obiose, dextrin, inulin, soluble starch, glyc- 

 erol, inositol, mannitol, sodium acetate, 

 sodium citrate, and calcium malate. Does 

 not utilize sorbitol, dulcitol, sodium oxalate, 

 sodium salicylate, sodium tartrate, and so- 

 dium succinate. 



Antagonistic properties: Produces a poly- 

 peptide antibiotic, bryamyein. 



Remarks: S. hawaiiensis is a chromogenic 

 form which produces a soluble, dark brown 

 pigment on protein media and a white to 

 gray aerial mycelium. The organism is fur- 

 ther characterized by spiral formation in the 

 aerial mycelium and weak proteolytic ac- 

 tivity in gelatin and milk. 



Streptomyces phaeofaciens possesses cul- 

 tural and morphological characteristics simi- 

 lar to those of S. hawaiiensis, fait differs in 

 its rapid peptonization of milk and produc- 

 tion of an antifungal substance inactive on 

 bacteria. 



S. hawaiiensis resembles S. aureus in that 

 spiral formation occurs with both cultures 

 and both form soluble brown pigments in 

 organic media. They differ in that S. aureus 

 liquefies gelatin to ;i greater extent. S. ha- 

 waiiensis is also similar to S. bikiniensis in 

 some of its cultural properties; both produce 



a white aerial mycelium which becomes 

 gray-colored; the sporulation of S. hawaiien- 

 sis takes place in the form of spirals in its 

 aerial mycelium, whereas S. bikiniensis is 

 completely devoid of spirals and produces an 

 alkaline reaction accompanied by hydroly- 

 sis in milk. 



Type culture: ATCC 12,236. 



120. Streptomyces hiroshimensis Shinobu, 

 1955 (Shinobu, R. Seibutsugakkaishi 6: 43- 

 46, 1955). 



Morphology: Sporophores produce verti- 

 cils of the Nitella type, both primary and 

 secondary. No spirals. Spores elliptical to 

 oval, 0.8 to 1.2 M (PI. V, Gb). 



Sucrose nitrate agar: Growth poor, re- 

 stricted, pink. Aerial mycelium scant, pale 

 pink to pinkish-white. 



Calcium malate agar: Growth slow. Aerial 

 mycelium pale cinnamon-pink. Soluble pig- 

 ment brownish. 



Glucose-asparagine agar: Growth good, 

 reddish-pink. Aerial mycelium pink to pur- 

 plish-pink. Soluble pigment usually absent, 

 sometimes pale brown. 



Nutrient agar: Growth reddish-brown. 

 Aerial mycelium absent, or scant, pale pink 

 to pinkish-white. Soluble pigment brownish- 

 orange. 



Starch agar: Growth red to purplish-red. 

 Aerial mycelium pink to pale pink. 



Potato plug: Growth deep pinkish-red to 

 brownish-black. Aerial mycelium scant, 

 pinkish- white. Soluble pigment brownish- 

 black. 



Gelatin: Growth pale reddish-brown. Aer- 

 ial mycelium absent, or scant, pinkish- 

 white. Soluble pigment pale reddish-brown. 

 Rapid liquefaction. 



Milk: Growth dee]) pinkish-red. Aerial 

 mycelium pinkish-white to pink. Soluble pig- 

 ment brown with reddish tinge. No coagu- 

 lation; rapid peptonization. 



Nitrate reduction: Strong. 



Starch: Rapid hydrolysis. 



Tyrosinase reaction: Positive. 



