252 



THE ACTINOMYCETES, Vol. II 



pigment insoluble in medium. Aerial myce- 

 lium poorly developed, velvety, rose-white. 



Gelatin: Aerial mycelium weakly devel- 

 oped, frequently lacking; aerial hyphae 

 short, rose-white. Liquefaction weak. 



Milk: No coagulation; peptonization posi- 

 tive. 



Starch: Rapid hydrolysis of starch. 



Cellulose: No growth. 



Nitrate reduction: Positive. 



Antagonistic properties: None. Jolly 

 (1956) obtained positive effects for his 

 strain. 



Habitat: Rarely found in soil. 



Remarks: The organism resembles S. 

 ruber and S. longispororuber. Some strains 

 were obtained as variants of Nocardia 

 rubra. Jolly (1956) reported the isolation of 

 a strain of *S. oidiosporus from an Italian 

 soil. 



174. Streptomyces olivaceus (Waksman, 

 1919) Waksman and Henrici, 1948 (Waks- 

 man, S. A. Soil Sci. 8: 168, 1919). 



This organism was first described as 

 strain No. 206 by Waksman (1919). It was 

 used by Jensen (1930) for comparison with 

 his own isolates. It was studied more re- 

 cently by Shinobu (1958) and Ettlinger 

 et al. (1958). 



Morphology: Sporophores branched 

 monopodially, straight or somewhat wavy; 

 no true spirals on most media; a few long, 

 open spirals on calcium malate agar. Spores 

 spherical and oval, 0.8 to 1.2 n\ surface 

 smooth (PI. III). 



Sucrose nitrate agar: Growth abundant, 

 yellow to olive-ocher, reverse yellow to al- 

 most black. Aerial mycelium ash-gray to 

 light drab. 



Glucose-asparagine agar: Growth yellow 

 to light olive to olive-gray. Aerial mycelium 

 light olive-gray to light brownish-gray with 

 greenish tinge. No soluble pigment. 



Calcium malate agar: Growth greenish- 

 yellow to yellow. Aerial mycelium yellowish- 



white to yellowish-gray. Soluble pigment 

 yellow. 



Nutrient agar: Growth white, glistening. 

 No soluble pigment. 



Starch agar: Growth brownish-yellow to 

 yellowish-green. Aerial mycelium brownish- 

 white. Hydrolysis strong. 



Potato: Growth abundant, much wrin- 

 kled, elevated, gray, turning sulfur-yellow 

 on edge. Alelanin-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction rapid. No soluble 

 pigment. 



Milk: Growth faint, pinkish; coagulation 

 and peptonization rapid. 



Cellulose: Growth good. 



Mannase: Reaction strong, according to 

 Shinobu (1958). 



Nitrate reduction: Positive. 



Production of H 2 S: Negative. 



Tyrosinase reaction: Although this organ- 

 ism has been considered as melanin-nega- 

 tive, Shinobu (1958) reported a positive 

 reaction. 



Temperature: Optimum 25°C. 



Carbon sources: According to Shinobu 

 (1958), S. olivaceus rapidly utilizes xylose, 

 rhamnose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lac- 

 tose, and mannitol; slow utilization: treha- 

 lose, rafhnose, and inositol. 



Antagonistic properties: Various strain- 

 produce a variety of antibiotics, including 

 streptomycin, olivacein, and granaticin. 



Habitat: Very common in soil. 



Remarks: Krassilnikov (1949) placed the 

 organism in the A. flavus group. Ettlinger 

 et al. (1958) considered the following organ- 

 isms as belonging to S. olivaceus: S. felleus, 

 S. flavus, S. griseolus, S. halstedii, S. nar- 

 bonensis, S. scabies (sic), and S. verne. 



Type culture: IMRU 3335. 



175. Streptomyces olivochromogenes (Waks- 

 man, 1919) Waksman and Henrici, 1948 

 (Waksman, S. A. Actinomyces No. 205, Soil 

 Sci. 8: 106, 1919). 



Morphology: Sporophores form numerous 

 closed spirals. Spores oval or elliptical. 



