254 



THE ACTINOMYCETES, Vol. II 



Milk: Growth brown. Aerial mycelium 

 scant, yellow- white. Soluble pigment brown. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction weak. 



Starch: Rapid hydrolysis. 



Tyrosinase reaction: None. 



Nitrate reduction: Negative. 



Cellulose: No growth. 



Carbon utilization: Fructose and inositol 

 utilized. Xylose, rhamnose, sucrose, lactose, 

 raffinose, and mannitol not utilized. 



Habitat: Soil in Japan. 



178. Streptomyces omiyaensis Umezawa 

 et al,, 1949 (Umezawa, H., Tazaki, T., 

 Okami, Y., and Fukuyama, S. J. Antibiotics 

 (Japan) 3:294-296, 1949). 



Morphology: Aerial mycelium shows 

 scant branching. Sporophores straight, no 

 spirals. Spores 1.0 to 1.2 by 2 to 3 m- 



Sucrose nitrate agar: Growth thin, trans- 

 parent, cream-colored to dark. Aerial my- 

 celium absent, or scant, white. No soluble 

 pigment. 



Nutrient agar: Growth wrinkled, white to 

 cream-colored. No aerial mycelium. No 

 soluble pigment. Melanin-negative. 



Starch agar: Colorless thin colonies, al- 

 most all submerged. No aerial mycelium. 

 No soluble pigment. Hydrolysis. 



Gelatin: Growth on surface white. No 

 soluble pigment. Liquefaction slight in 

 crateriform. 



Potato: Growth white to cream-colored. 

 No aerial mycelium. No soluble pigment. 



Milk: Growth white. Peptonization rapid. 

 Acid formed. 



Antagonistic properties: Produces the 

 antibiotic chloramphenicol. 



Habitat: Soil. 



Remarks: Related to S. cacaoi. 



179. Strcptomyns orientalis Pittenger and 

 Brigham, 1956 (Pittenger, R. C. and Brig- 

 ham, R. B. Antibiotics & Chemotherapy 6: 

 642 647, 1956). 



Morphology: Substrate growth made up 

 of typical prostrate, much-branched myce- 



lium. Aerial mycelium abundant if starch is 

 used as carbon source. Straight or irregularly 

 branched sporophores made up of cylindrical 

 to ovoid spores, 0.7 to 1.0 by 1.4 to 1.8 /x. 



Sucrose nitrate agar: Growth scant to 

 moderate, pale cream color. Aerial mycelium 

 trace of off-white. No pigment or pale yel- 

 lowish-brown to light biown soluble pigment 

 may be formed. 



Glucose-asparagine agar: Growth moder- 

 ate to good, cream-colored. Aerial mycelium 

 pale to cream-colored, powdery. Soluble pig- 

 ment pale greenish-yellow. 



Glycerol malate agar: Growth pale cream 

 to intense cream-yellow. Aerial mycelium 

 whitish in color. No soluble pigment. Insolu- 

 ble malate cleared in agar around growth. 



Nutrient agar: Growth cream-colored. Ae- 

 rial mycelium whitish. No soluble pigment. 



Starch agar: Growth moderate, cream-col- 

 ored to buff to brown. Aerial mycelium 

 white, becoming pale cream and finally 

 grayish. Soluble pigment cream-yellow, be- 

 coming pale brown. Hydrolysis limited. 



Potato plug: Growth shows slightly rough 

 surface. Aerial mycelium white. Slight to 

 moderate amount of brown discoloration of 

 plug. 



Gelatin: Growth Hocculent, not forming 

 intact pellicle. Aerial mycelium scant, white. 

 No soluble pigment. Liquefaction moderate. 



Milk: Heavy wrinkled pellicle, with dull 

 gray aerial mycelium. No coagulation. Pep- 

 tonization begins in 11 to 14 days and is 

 complete in 14 to 21 days. Very dark soluble 

 pigment obscures litmus color. 



Cellulose: Growth good. 



Antagonistic properties: Antibiotic vanco- 

 mycin produced. 



Remarks: S. orientalis is most closely re- 

 lated to species intermediate between S. 

 albus and S. fiavus, such as S. alboflavus, S. 

 fllobisporus, and N. longisporofiavus. S. albo- 

 gavus cannot utilize cellulose, hydrolvzes 

 gelatin far less effectively than S. orientalis, 

 but attacks starch readily. Milk is feebly 



