276 



THE ACTINOMYCETES, Vol. II 



becoming opaque, cream-colored, very wrin- 

 kled. Later, rough, yellow; medium lique- 

 fied. 



Gelatin: Growth cream-colored. Black 

 .sediment at bottom. Rapid liquefaction. 



Milk: Surface pellicle heavy, wrinkled. 

 Milk coagulated and completely peptonized. 



Starch: Hydrolysis. 



Habitat: Frequently found in Africa. 



Remarks: Although S. somaliensis has 

 long been known, there has been, until re- 

 cently, no detailed description of the or- 

 ganism beyond the fact that it possesses 

 around the grain a distinctly hard sheath 

 which is insoluble in potash and eau de 

 javelle. The rare occurrence of septa and 

 occasional intercalary chlamydospores is re- 

 ported by Brumpt, but has not been con- 

 firmed by Erikson. Chalmers and Chris- 

 topherson merely mentioned the growth on 

 potato as yellowish-white and lichenoid, 

 without describing any aerial mycelium. 

 According to Mariat, S. somaliensis hy- 

 drolyzes gelatin, serum albumin, and egg 

 albumin; utilizes casein hydrolyzate, but not 

 urea, (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 and KN0 3 as nitrogen 

 sources; utilizes glucose, maltose, and fruc- 

 tose, but not xylose, starch, mannitol, or 

 paraffin as carbon sources. 



22(i. Strcptomyccs spectabilis Dietz, 1957* 

 (Brit. Pat, 811,757, April 8, 1959; Am. Rev. 

 Tuberc. 75:576, 1957). 



Morphology: Sporophores monopodially 

 branched, long, straight. Pigment granules 

 produced in both substrate and aerial myce- 

 lium. 



Sucrose nitrate agar: Growth mottled 

 orange to cream-orange. Aerial mycelium 

 mottled orange to orange. 



Starch-nitrate agar: ( rrowth cream-colored, 

 flecked with orange. Aerial mycelium pale 

 pink to orange. Starch hydrolyzed. 



Starch-peptone-beef extract agar: Growth 

 cream-colored, turning orange. Aerial myce- 



* Personal communication. 



Hum deep orange to pale pink. Soluble pig- 

 ment yellow. 



Gelatin: Medium liquefaction. Soluble 

 pigment slightly yellow to dark brown. 

 Melanin-negative. 



Milk: Growth orange. Soluble pigment 

 brown. Peptonization varies with strain. 

 Acid formation by some strains. 



Carbon utilization: Utilizes various sugars 

 and organic acids, depending on strain. Does 

 not utilize rhamnose, sucrose, inulin, ducitol, 

 D-sorbitol, fumarates, oxalates, or salicylates. 



Nitrate reduction: Negative. 



Production of H 2 S: Positive. Some strains 

 negative. 



Antagonistic properties: Produces antibi- 

 otic streptovaricin. 



Remarks: Closely related to S.fulvissimus. 



227. Streptomyces spheroides Wallick et al., 

 1955 (Wallick, H., Harris, D. A., Reagan, 

 M. A., Ruger, M., and Woodruff, H. B. 

 Antibiotics Ann. 1955-1950, p. 909-917). 



Morphology: Sporophores form spirals, 

 the majority of which are closed and com- 

 pact; in some areas the spirals appear ball- 

 like. Spores oval, 0.7 to 1.1 by 1.5 to 2.0 id. 



Sucrose nitrate agar: Substrate growth 

 white, becoming straw-colored. Aerial my- 

 celium abundant, white, tinged with cream 

 to olive-gray. No soluble pigment, 



Glucose - asparagine agar: Substrate 

 growth pale yellow. Aerial mycelium white, 

 becoming gray. No soluble pigment. 



Glucose-peptone agar: Growth moderate, 

 yellow. Aerial mycelium grayish-white. No 

 soluble pigment. 



Starch agar: Growth heavy, cream- to 

 straw-colored. Aerial mycelium white. 



Potato: Growth slow, scant, white, later 

 becoming heavy, gray. Aerial mycelium 

 gray. Soluble pigment dark brown. 



Gelatin: Cream-colored, flaky sediment. 

 Rapid liquefaction. No soluble pigment. 



Milk: Slow coagulation and peptonization. 

 Slight acidification. 



