FISHES OF WEST COAST OF PERU. 105 



reaching a little past posterior border of eye (the statement by 

 Starks that it reaches a little past anterior border of eye, is un- 

 doubtedly a misprint, as in his figure and our specimens it reaches 

 slightly past the vertical from posterior border of eye) ; teeth in 

 upper jaw in two or three irregular rows, the outer of these much 

 enlarged, those on lower jaw in two rows, the inner being the 

 larger; gillrakers 4+10, covered with spinules, the longest nearly 

 equal to horizontal diameter of eye; entire margin of preopercle 

 with small, rather widely separated, denticulations ; third and fourth 

 dorsal spines about equal, longer than the others, 2.7 in head; soft 

 dorsal rather low, highest anteriorly; caudal lunate; anal spines 

 small, the second 4 in longest ray; pectorals and ventrals short. 

 Scales ctenoid; dorsal and anal with scaly sheath; caudal scaled 

 two-thirds way to its tip; a small area at base of pectoral scaled; 

 head scaly except tip of snout, maxillary and mandibles. 



Ground color in spirits : Olivaceous, dusky on back ; scales crossed 

 by a dark line, these forming lines following the rows of scales; 

 dorsals, caudal, and pectorals dusky; anal and ventrals lighter; axil 

 of pectoral dusky; a dusky area showing through opercle. 



Starks states that this species differs from S. wieneri Sauvage " in 

 having the length of the head greater than the depth and longer as 

 compared with the entire length ; the snout shorter as compared with 

 the interorbital space; the eye smaller; the caudal lunate; and the 

 scales larger." 



Dr. R. E. Coker states that of the three species " lorna " {S. deli- 

 ciosa), " corbina " (S. gilherti), and " robalo" {S. starksi), the " cor- 

 bina " is much the best food fish. The " robalo " reaches a larger 

 size, 30 to 40 pounds or larger. It is more abundant in summer and 

 is usually fished near the bottom, sometimes at a depth of 15 to 20 

 fathoms, although it is occasionally taken at the surface. 



133. SCIAENA WIENERI Sauvage. 



Sciaena wieneri Sauvage, Bull. Soe. Philom., July 7, 1883, p. 156; Peru. — 

 Abbott, IMariue Fishes of Peru, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 

 p. 356. 



This species is known only from the original description and ap- 

 pears to be most closely related to S, starksi. 



Genus UMBRINA Cuvier. 



134. UMBRINA XANTI Gill. 

 POLLA. 



Umbrina xanti Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 256; Cape San 

 Lucas. — JoKDAN and Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 4, 1881, p. 

 278. — Jordan and Evermann, Fishes North and Mid. Arner., vol. 2, 

 1898, p. 1468. 



