404 ARCHEOLOGY OF GREENLAND— MATHIASSEN 



These house ruins contain Eskimo implements of more modern type 

 and also glass beads, clay pipes, and iron goods brought to Green- 

 land by the Dutch whalers. 



The Eskimo immigrants to the Julianehaab district soon passed on 

 south through the region of Cape Farewell, to the east coast. The 

 oldest house ruins at Angmagssalik are of exactly the same form and 

 contain exactly the same type of implements as the oldest houses at 

 Tugtutoq; already early in the fifteenth century the Eskimos had 

 reached Angmagssalik. They did not, however, stop here but wan- 

 dered still farther north. The oldest houses in northeast Greenland 

 also contain Inugsuk culture. But soon this culture was intermingled 

 with other elements, brought by some Eskimos who from the Thule 

 district wandered on northward and reached northeast Greenland, 

 where they lived for centuries, but only once did white people see 

 them; Clavering met a small party of them on Clavering Island in 

 1823. Since then they have all become extinct. 



In Angmagssalik there is, however, still a prosperous Eskimo 

 population ; since 1894, a Danish trading post has been situated there. 

 A curious and in some respects old-fashioned (but in others, highly- 

 developed) culture was found amongst these Angmagssalikers, when 

 the first white man, Gustav Holm, visited and spent a winter 

 amongst them in 1884. In 1925 a hundred of them were transplanted 

 to the newly founded colony on Scoresby Sound. East Greenland 

 now has a population of about 1,000 Greenlanders, the west coast 

 has about 1G,000, and the Thule district 300. 



Civilization has now come to the Greenlanders. In South Green- 

 land fishing has more and more displaced seal hunting; the yawl and 

 motorboat have succeeded the kayak and woman's boat; the rubber 

 boot, the kamik shin-boot; the gun, the harpoon; and the wooden 

 house, the old turf hut. The old Eskimo culture in Greenland will 

 soon exist only in the old house-ruins and graves, and in the museums. 



This paper Is a resume of the following publications of the author: 

 1927. Archaeology of the Central Eskimos, I-IL Rep. 5th Thule Exped., 

 vol. 4. 



1930. Inugsuk, a medieval Eskimo settlement in Upernivik district, West Green-. 



land. Meddel. Gronland, vol. 77. 



1931. Ancient Eskimo settlements in the KangAmiut area. Idem, vol. 91, no. 1. 



1933. Prehistory of the Angmagssalik Eskimos. Idem, vol. 92, no. 4. 



1934. Contributions to the Archaeology of Disko Bay. Idem, vol. 93, no. 2. 

 1936. Tlie former Eskimo settlements on Frederik VI's coast. Idem, vol 109, 



no. 2. 

 1936. The Eskimo archaeology of Julianehaab district. Idem, vol. 118, no. 1. 



