PROGRESS OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN 1890. • 551 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. 



Fig. 10. Double reed pipes, Zummarah, Arab, from Egypt. 

 Fig. 11. Single reed pipe from Egypt. 

 Fig. 12. Double pipes, Toomeri, Deckan, India. 



Fig. 13. Same, with gourd removed, sbowiag sounding reeds in situ. 

 Fig. 14. Hindoo " horn-pipe" with double pipes and large gourd reservoir. 

 Fig. lo. same, with gourd and horn bell mouth removed, front view, showing sound- 

 ing reeds in situ. 



Mr. Walter Hough, of the U. S. National Museum, in a very elabo- 

 rate manner, worked out the primitive methods of lire-making, so that 

 he is much better acquainted with the art than any savage ever was. 

 The geographic distribution of each form is interesting in the light of 

 ethnography, and the gradual elaboration of this primitive art up to 

 the last century an instructive chapter in the growth of invention. 



Barr Ferree, of the Leonard Scott Publishing Company, wrote a series 

 of articles on the influence of climate and nature in giving shape and 

 character to primitive architecture. The subject is one of great inter- 

 est. 



J. E. Watkins, of the U. S. Natioual Museum, follows the historic 

 method in tracing the p rogress of the carrying industry and the elabo- 

 ration of modern engineering. 



W. H. Holmes publishes in the annual report of the Bureau of Ethnol- 

 ogy a paper on the evolution of ornament, based on the close study of a 

 large series of aboriginal pottery, basketry, and other fabrics. It is 

 shown that many of the patterns which have had the greatest popularity 

 in the world originated among primitive peoples. A list of important 

 papers follows: Aboriginal Fire-making, Hough ; Artistic Anatomy- 

 Richer; Boomerangs, Baker; British Pibcorn, Balfour; Cats from Bubas, 

 tis, Virchow; Climate and Architecture, Ferree; Culture Plants, Rich- 

 ter; Currency and Measures in China, Morse; Dawn of Metallurgy, 

 Mello; 'Evolution of the Gondola, Pierson; Evolution of Ornament, 

 Holmes; Fortification, Clarke; Garden Vegetables, Sturtevant; Indus- 

 trial Arts in India, Birdwood ; Japanese Pottery, Bowes; Maple Sugar, 

 Henshaw; Mechanic Art in the Stone Age, Hayes; Music in New 

 Hebrides, Hagen ; Musical Notation in the Middles Ages, sub voce ; The 

 Nephrite-jadeite question, Berwerth ; Origin of Bronze, Wilson ; 

 Origins of Technology, Espinas ; Primitive Surgery, sub voce ; Proas, 

 Sturtevant; Quarry Workshop in the District of Columbia, Holmes; 

 Sources of Jade, Pierce; Swords, sub voce ; Throwing Spear, Nuttall ; 

 Trade route from Peking to Kashgaria, Bell ; Venezuela Pottery, Ernst ; 

 Wild Horse of Sungaria, Trouessart; Writing Materials and Books 

 among the Ancient Romans. 



VII. — ARCHAEOLOGY. 



The two archaeologies, classic and prehistoric, have for their official 

 organ the American Journal of Archceology and of the History of Fine 

 Arts. (Boston, Ginn & Co.) It speaks authoritatively for the Arch- 



