PROGRESS OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN 1890. 



553 



a careful study of the debris leads the investigator to the conclusion 

 that the forms occurring here are not implements at all, but failures, 

 which the savage artisan has thrown away. Mr. Holmes has been 

 enabled to demonstrate this by learning the stone cbipper's art and 

 actually repeating the steps in his processes. The value of this careful 

 exploration lies in the assistance which it will lend to other archaeologists 

 who visit to review their own work with new light. 



Arcbfeologists will be pleased to learn that the Hon. Henry Shirley 

 found in Pedro Blufif Cave, Jamaica, a cranium belonging to one of 

 the aborigines who inhabited the island before the European conquest. 

 It had been artificially deformed during infancy by the depression of 

 the frontal region, or fronto-occipital compression with «orrespouding 

 lateral expansion. The island of Jamaica ha^ yielded a remarkably 

 small number of evidences of aboriginal occupation. 



Dr. Brinton prepared for his "Races and Peoples" a scheme of 

 geologic time during the age of man iu the eastern hemisphere, which 

 is here re-produced. 



Scheme of geologic time during the age of man in the eastern hemisphere. 



{X. Preglacial 



Quaternary 

 Diluvi a I, 

 or Pleis 

 t o c e n e 

 Epoch 



r Europe connected with Africa. 

 I Temperature mild. 

 ] African elephant in England. 

 I Tropical animals abundant. 



{ 2. Glacial n 



r Europe severed from Africa. 

 ] Temperature low. 



Reindeer in France. 



Arctic animals abundant. 



3. Post-glacial . 



1. Prehistoric 



Present or 

 Alluvial-{2. Proto - historic , 

 Epoch. 



(3. Historic. 



Man homogeneous. Indus- 

 try paleolithic, with sim- 

 ple implements. Migra- 

 tions extensive. Lan- 

 guage rudimentary. 



Man dividing into races. 

 Industry paleolithic with 

 compound implements. 

 Cave dwellings. Migra- 

 tions limited; races in 

 fixed areas. 



Races completely estab- 

 lished. Industry neo- 

 lithic. Beginning of sed- 

 entary life. Languages 

 developed in classes. 



Races dev3lop into contact. 

 Industry of stone and 

 ( copper. 



f Great migrations begin. 

 { Industry of bronze and 

 I iron. 



[■Geographic conditions greatly mod- f Extensive mingling of 

 . s. ifled by man. J races. Development of 



( All lower animals subjugated. ( nations. 



f Continents assume present forms. 



{ Temperature rising. 



i Temperate zones established. 



Geographic conditionsundisturbed. 

 Wild animals not diminished. 



Conditions altered by agriculture. 

 Wild animals slain or tamed. 



-Briuton, D. G., Races ami peoples. New York, 1890, p. 96. 



The eighth Russian Archaeological Congress was held in Moscow^ 

 January 8 to 24. It was the twenty-fifth anniversary of founding the 

 Royal Archaeological Society in Moscow, February 7, 1864. The 



