636 CRIMINAL ANTHROPOLOGY. 



same person. FoUowiug this system, those who study the materials of 

 criminology will be able to note the most valnable observations «and 

 l>ursiie researches whicli they believe to be the most profitable. It is 

 one of the important works of this congress, or of its successors, to form- 

 ulate a code of observation and to establish the common means of record- 

 ing the results. 



These researches, made for the purpose of establishing a system of 

 comparative international statistics, ought to be made both upon the 

 criminal while living and upon his cadaver when dead. The first should 

 l)e an iuvestigation as to the intellectual capacity of the individual, the 

 modes and manifestations of his aftections and moral sense, and the de- 

 gree of his vital energy and will power. This psychologic investiga- 

 tion ought to be preceded by an anamnestic interrogation of the individ- 

 ual or by an examination of the criminal i)rocess against him. Every 

 investigation should include the study of his heredity and neuro-pathol- 

 ogy. These anthropologic and clinical researches should be made be- 

 fore the criminal has suffered a prolonged imprisonment; if not, his 

 peculiarities or characteristics may be effected thereby. 



The second of the researches should be upon the cadaver, as to its 

 conditions anthroi)ologic and pathologic, so that it can be determined 

 whether the alterations are due to the pre-eminence of morbid tenden- 

 cies or whether they are the result of an abnormal development due 

 to some other cause. These researches should be made both upon the 

 criminal and the insane, and one can thus see the links which form the 

 l)sycho-patliologic chain of human life, at one end of which wo may find 

 insanity and at the other criminality. Many insane asylums are confided 

 to the care of zealous savants who make these studies and note the 

 results. Attention is called to the exceptional importance of these 

 researches that can be njade in the houses of correction, not alone in 

 the interest of science, but that they can serve as a complement to the 

 observations which one may make later upon the same individual if 

 found in the prison. They also may serve as a guide for the treatment 

 and reformation of those who are in the house of correction. 



But it is necessary to have a special accord among the savants and 

 the medical authorities of the prisons, insane asylums, and houses of 

 correction so that one can obtain the same resean^hes and results 

 throughout this, whether among the living or upon the cadavers. It 

 is therefore proposed that a commission shouhl be charged to formulate 

 the questions and to establish what might be called a national code of 

 researches, to which it is hoped all natious will accord their favor and 

 adopt. 



Question IV. — The conditions determinative of crime and their rela- 

 tive value. 



M. Ferri, professor of penal law in the university at Rome and deputy 

 of the Italian Parliament, was the reporter. 



