CRIMINAL ANTHROPOLOGY. 655 



II. — The skeletons and the form of the nose among criminals. — My ob- 

 servatioDS upon the skeletous have been based upon 609 skulls, among 

 which 397 belong to the normal man, 129 to criminals (75 women and 54 

 men), 50 were insane, 13 epileptics, and 20 idiots. 



The nose of the living person has been studied in 830 persons normal 

 and 392 criminals, of which latter 193 were thieves, 37 swindlers, 28 

 robbers, 40 murderers, 22 violators. We also examined 60 insane, 40 

 epileptics, and 10 idiots. 



For the observations made upon the skeleton I have encountered the 

 anomaly of the nasal echaucrure, that furnishes a new abnormal char- 

 acter of the criminal man, and which I believe to be atavic. To this 

 must be added frequent irregularity of the nasal overture, osynchie, 

 and deviation of the nasal bone. 



Among the living the larger number of criminals show a nose square 

 or wavy, of average length, but rather large and often twisted. The 

 robber has often the broken nose; not large, short, wide, mashed, and 

 twisted: the assassin straight, long, excessively large, wide, nearly 

 always protuberant and twisted. 



III. — The sense of smell among criminals. — I have examined SO crim- 

 inals (50 men and 30 women) and 50 normal persons, 30 men, the most 

 part the guards at the prisons, and 20 women of average culture. I com- 

 posed for that purpose an osmometre made by twelve aqueous solutions 

 of the essence of giroflee in order of increasing concentration trom -50^01)" 

 to Yiroi of which 50 cubic centimetres were each placed in a glass bottle 

 with ground stopper. The following were my conclusions : 



(1) An inferior sense of smell among criminals as compared with nor- 

 mal persons. 



(2) The sense of smell more feeble among women than among men. 



(3) The sense of smell more feeble among criminal women than among 

 normal women. 



IV. — The senseof taste among criminals. — I examined 60 habitual crim- 

 inals, born criminals, 20 criminals of occasion, those which yielded to 

 passion, sudden impulse, etc., 20 normal men of the inferior classes, 50 

 professors and students, 20 women of average intellectual culture, 20 

 criminal women. All were between 20 and 50 years of age. 



Observations were made of the taste bitter, taste sweet, and the taste 

 salty. It was accomplished by a delicate solution of strychnine soo^irooJ 

 of sugar tWouo) ^"^1 salt, 5^0. The tables are omitted but the conclu- 

 sions are given as follows : 



(1) The taste is less developed among criminals than among normal 

 persons of the same class. 



(2) The taste is less developed among those who are criminals born 

 than among the criminals of occasion. 



(3) The sense of taste is slightly less among women than among men. 



