672 CRIMINAL ANTHROPOLOGY. 



all the speakers, Brouardel, Moleschott, Van lIamel,Ploix, Fere, Tarde, 

 Soiitzo, Ferri, and Madame Cleinenee-Koyer, were in accord with the 

 proposition. It was liiiidly agreed to recommend the examples of the 

 universities of Holland and r>('lginm,to which mi;,^lit have been added 

 Trinity College, Dublin, all of which have a special course of medicine 

 iu their law scliools. It was recommended that even in these courses 

 should be extended to include a large i)roportion of antliropology, for 

 MaiVame Clenience-Koyer recalled tliat according to Socrates the lirst 

 study of man should be man himself. 



M. Soutzo insisted that to teach criminal anthropology was to teach 

 medical jurisprudence, and he cited examples among the insane. A 

 paralytic by virtue of his delirium becomes a robber or a thief. In his 

 perverted senses he falls into dipsomania. Another, which, attacked 

 by the mania of persecution, becomes a murderer or a suicide. Another 

 category of individuals who are on the frontiers of insanity may be 

 found in the degenerates, the morally perverted, the drunkards, and 

 all that train of individuals capable of committing crime according to 

 th€ir conditions and surroundings, and among which are to be found 

 the stigmas, physical, moral, and intellectual, that have been taught to 

 us by the professors of criminal anthropology before us. These indi- 

 viduals are not, like the first, absolutely irresponsible, but they are 

 partially or conditionally so. Therefore, said he, the great necessity 

 for the teaching of criminal anthropology, not by the side of, but in- 

 cluding medical jurisprudence, and that this should be carried on in all 

 the schools of law, and taught to all those who would become lawyers 

 or judges, or who would have dealings with criminals or insane before 

 the courts or under the law. 



ANTHROPOMETRY. 



There were two papers before the congress on this subject : No. xvii, 

 "Anthropometry as applied to persons from 15 to 20 years of age," 

 Alphonse Bertillon, reporter; and Xo. xviii, "The employment of the 

 methods of criminal anthropology in aid of the police and for the arrest 

 of criminals," MM. Avocat Aufosso, of Turin, and Professor Romiti, 

 reporters. 



Anthropometry is a branch of the science of anthropology b^^ which 

 the jdiysical characteristics of man are studied, the investigation being 

 made by measurement. 



The application of anthropometry is twofold. One, the more exten- 

 sive and more scientific, was largely the result of the investigations of 

 Broca, though there were otliers who practised the scien(;e indei)endent 

 of and even before him. (Juetelet of Belgium, Yircliow of Germany, 

 Roberts, Francis, Galton, and Dr. John Beddoe of Fiigland, and our 

 own doctors ]\Iorton and Baxter have all practised anthroijometry in- 

 dependently of Broca. In France Drs. Toi)inard and Manouvrier have 

 taken up the science where Broca left it at his death. The former has 



