CRIMINAL ANTHROPOLOGY. 673 



been pursuing his investigations into the races of men found in France 

 as determined by color, and he investigates and studies that of the 

 eyes and hair as well as that of the skin. The latter succeeded Broca 

 in the Labratoire d'Anthropologie, and is professor and lecturer upon 

 this subject before the School of Anthropology. 



The second use of anthropometry has been more practical, for, while 

 it is conducted scientifically, it is employed in Europe, principally in 

 France, as a means of identification of individuals, whether required 

 in the army, by the law, by the police, or for private and scientific uses. 

 It was with regard to the second application of anthropometry that the 

 congress of criminal anthropology occupied itself in the two papers set 

 forth at the head of this chapter. 



The discovery of the use of anthropometry for identification is due 

 to Dr. Adolph Bertillou, himself a professor in the school of anthropol- 

 ogy, who died in 1883 at the age of 62 years, leaving his two sons to 

 follow in his footsteps, with prospects of becoming equally as eminent 

 as their father. It was the son, Alphonse, who presented question 

 XVII, in which he was assisted by MM. Anfosso and Koraiti, the report- 

 ers of question xviii, both of whom were aided in the discussion by M. 

 Cantilo, advocat from the Argentine Republic. 



M. Herbette, chief of the penitentiary system of France, early per- 

 ceived the benefits of this system and adopted it. It is now in use 

 throughout France, thanks to his initiation. He was its ardent advo- 

 cate at the congress in liome, and there made it the subject of an 

 address, which was translated by Mr. Edward R. Spearman, a portion 

 of which was adapted and published in the Fortnightly Review of 

 March, 1890. 



M. Alphonse Bertillon is attached to the department of justice and 

 assigned to duty with M. Herbette at police headquarters in Paris, 

 there to use his talent and knowledge in the identification of such i>er- 

 sous as may be brought before him. This, of course, means the identi- 

 fication of criminals, or persons arrested. 



The morning of Friday, August 16, was devoted to a visit by the 

 congress to the establishment in charge of M. Bertillon to witness the 

 operations of his methods and to hear his explanations. We, how- 

 ever, were favored with a private view on the day before, by the means 

 of which we were better enabled to understand the operations. 



The establishment to which we were introduced would correspond to 

 and probably be known in most cities of the United States as the 

 rogue's gallery. In our country a criminal once arrested, whom they 

 may desire to recognize at some future time, is marched down to a 

 photographic establishment and has his photograph taken by a single 

 negative, carte de visite size, of more or less front view, from which a 

 print is made, which in due time is delivered to the detective corps at 

 police headquarters, where it is placed in a rack for public inspection. 

 It is by com[)arison with this photograph, and the recognition of wit- 

 B. Mis. 129—43 



