CRIMINAL ANTHROPOLOGY. 



685 



record were reported, while in the latter the convictions were of every 

 kind, whether for small or great offenses. 



The meager statistics of crime in the United States, taken from the 

 census of 1880, and reported by Mr. A. K. Spofiford in his American 

 Almanac, are given in the following table: 



Question XXYI. — Political offenses from the point of view of anthro- 

 pology. 



This study, written by M. Laschi, an avocat from Verona, was made 

 with the assistance of M. Lombroso. It dealt with race, genius, and the 

 density of the population in the older and better settled countries. The 

 author distinguished revolution from revolt. The first he called psycho- 

 logic manifestations, and the latter pathologic. He spoke of the influ- 

 ences of climate and orography, not to mention those social and polit- 

 ical, upon the race which might belong to or inhabit a country. He gave 

 as his opinion, derived from his investigation and the statistics, that the 

 short-headed races, brachycephalics, were conservative, while the long- 

 headed, dolicocephalics, were revolutionists ; that the mixture of these 

 races could modify their character and so change them as a nation, but 

 that occasionally, by reason of atavism, or something similar, peculiar 

 circumstances, changes in social conditions as well as in political, the 

 dolicocephalic individual of modern timesand in modern countries might 

 break out in revolution, which was naught else on his part than the 

 return, through heredity, to the original revolutionary characters of 

 some remote ancestor. He said the most revolunonary cities of Eu- 

 rope, like Paris, Florence, Geneva, were those which manifested the 

 greatest genius and the most vivacity ot thought. 



Dis. Brouardel and JMotet believed, on the contrary, that the influ- 

 ence of political crimes was to show the inferiority of intelligence, the 



