TECHNOLOGY AND CIVILIZATION. 



711 



therein sought aud fouud her glory ; this ueglect her new form of gov- 

 ernmeut has caused her to recognize, as well as the necessity for its 

 avoidance; consequently we see the Italians exerting themselves with 

 astonishing energy to spread among themselves manganistical indus- 

 tries and qualities. That their rapid and significant progress in useful 

 industries weakens their achievements in art industry can not be 

 doubted. 



Like a shadow this fact flits over us, until it seems as if between the 

 two directions must exist an opposition to which one will fall a sacrifice. 

 But not so; art and scientific technology are not at variance; it only 

 requires great effort for both to be developed ; great firmness and 

 spiritual insight into nesthetical laws to counterbalance the disturbing 

 grasp of the machine. 



That both may develop side by side is shown by the present move- 

 ment in Austria and Germany. 



Turning now to the consideration of the inner method of manganism, 

 I pass over an entire line of preparatory grades, but desire to note that 

 which is common to different actions, but which seems to the outside 

 world contradictory. Such generalizing shortens, but is necessary in 

 order to make clearer the influx of new appearances in the technical 

 kingdom. For the purpose of making these certain, efficient and intel- 

 ligent, it may be permitted to employ a few simple examples : 



Fig. 2. 



The cog-wheel a, Fig. 1, catching in the usual manner in the cogs of 

 the bar at 2, is rotated at 1 in the stationary frame c, in which also at 

 3, the cog-bar b slides, this bar, a very long one, being pulled down by 

 a weight B. 



Imagining the wheel a so turned as to raise the weight B, or in such 

 manner as to lower it, we have before us an efficient machine of a defi- 

 nite kind, viz, one of continuous direction of motion whether forward 

 or backward. We will call it, because of this continuous motion, a 

 running.vfork (Laufwerke). As is well known, there are many running- 

 works; among them friction wheels, cog-wheels, beltings, turbines, 



