362 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1961 



into the steel shell. Near the bottom edge of the steel shell was 

 screwed and brazed a flange which was then bolted to the crankcase. 

 Entering the side of the cylinder near the top was the combustion 

 chamber, which, together with the inlet port, was machined out of a 

 solid steel forging and brazed to the cylinder. Balzer had pioneered 

 this type of construction. 



2. Instead of using damp cloths wrapped around the cylinders for 

 cooling purposes, which were effective for only 3 or 4 minutes, Manly 

 developed a light-weight water jacket of sheet steel 0.02 in. thick 

 which was brazed to each cylinder. 



3. Being a heavier-than-air craft of light construction, it was real- 

 ized that attitudes, accelerations, and vibrations would be encountered 

 which were quite foreign to automotive practice. For this reason the 

 float type of carburetor, which was usually employed on automobiles, 

 was abandoned as being too erratic in operation at its stage of develop- 

 ment in 1003. Instead, a Balzer tj^pe of carburetor was employed 

 which consisted of a tank filled with porous wooden balls. Gasoline 

 was admitted at the bottom in a steady flow and the balls became 

 saturated, thus giving off vapors which were drawn into the intake 

 manifold. 



4. Instead of having each connecting rod attached directly to the 

 main crankshaft bearing. Manly used a single master rod. It was 

 attached directly to the main crankshaft bearing. To this were fast- 

 ened the four link rods connected to the other pistons. In this manner 

 the bearing area was greatly increased, which was necessary since the 

 new engine was to develop more than twice as much power as 

 its predecessor. 



The engine was completed in December 1901 and was tested in 

 January 1902. Under a Prony brake load of 52.4 hp. at 950 r.p.m., 

 it ran continuously for 10 hours during three separate tests. The net 

 dry weight of the engine proper was 124.2 lb. With 20 lb. of cooling 

 water, flywheels, batteries, and accessories, the total weight of the 

 powerplant was 207.5 lb., or 3.96 lb. per hp. 



SPECIFICATIONS 



Cylinclers Sin radial configuration. 



Cooling Water. 



Carburetion Surface type, no flout. 



Ignition Battery, induction coil, sparli plug (high- 

 tension). 



Horsepower 52.4 at 950 r.p.m. 



Bore and stroke 5 x 5.5 in. 



Displacement 540.2 cu. in. 



Dimensions 37-in. diameter and 19-in. width. 



Weight 207.5 lb. including cooling water. 



Weight/hp. ratio 3.96 lb. per hp. 



Country of manufacture U.S.A. 



