482 



ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1961 



Figure 1. — Facial and top views of female skulls of Australopithecus (left) and Paranthropus 

 (right). The former is represented by Sts. 5 from Sterkfontein while the Paranthropus 

 illustrations are based mainly on Sk. 48 from Swartkrans. 



this feature in primate skulls; it places Paranthropus right in the 

 middle of the pongid range while Australopithecus is well outside 

 this jjosition and very near to that of modern man. In all known 

 adults with the appropriate area preserved, a sagittal crest is present 

 occupying roughly the middle third of the distance from glabella to 

 inion. The degree of postorbital construction is relatively greater 

 than in Australopithecus^ and the zygomatic arches stand out well 

 away from the braincase. The face is massive and wide. The enor- 

 mously robust cheek bones actually project farther forward than does 

 the nose, which is completely flat. The face is appreciably less 

 prognathous than that of Australopithecus. The mandible is very 

 massive with a very high and vertical ramus. A most unusual situ- 



