INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLLECTING INSECTS. 165 



the corollas of flowers and between the leaf and stock of certain plants 

 having no foot-stalks to their leaves; in the evening they are active, 

 and may frequently be taken with a net, whilst Hying, just before 

 sunset. 



Cockroaches of various kinds may be found beneath sticks, stones, 

 rubbish, &c., and under the bark of decayed trees, mostly in damp 

 situations. 



Spectres or walking-sticks are to be found upon trees and shrubbery, 

 and require very close searching to discover them, their color being 

 generally so much like that of the bark or twigs of the trees they 

 inhabit. 



Praying-mantes are usually most abundant in gardens upon all 

 sorts of vegetable matter, and, being large and conspicuous objects, 

 may be readily seen and captured with the hands or net. Their time 

 of appearing is from the middle of July to the end of summer. 



Grasshoppers are abundant everywhere ; some of the species fly very 

 swiftly, and can only be obtained by following them with the net. The 

 species are usually most numerous upon heaths, commons, and fields 

 of grass. There are also a few kinds found jumping about near the 

 margins of streams upon bare sandy places not covered by the water 

 at high tide. These insects may be found during the whole year, but 

 their numbers greatly increase as the warm weather comes on. 



Katydids live upon trees and high shrubbery, and may be best 

 collected by beating into an umbrella ; this must be done quickly, 

 however, as they very soon recover from the effects of their fall, and 

 their long legs enable them to jump to great distances ; their time of 

 appearing is late in the summer or early part of autumn. 



Crickets are found the whole year round under logs, slicks, and 

 stones ; their numbers are considerably increased by the early part of 

 autumn, when they may be collected by sweeping from the grass, &c. 



All the kinds of insects before enumerated may be placed in alcohol 

 and sufiered to remain in it for a considerable time without much 

 change in their colors ; it is very necessary, however, to have the 

 bottles filled quite full in order to transport them ; shaking about 

 separates the parts, &c. 



This order of insects may be collected during the entire year, but 

 the best times are in the warm parts of spring and autumn ; at these 

 seasons their eggs are generally laid and the creatures arrive at their 

 full state of perfection. 



SEMIPTERA. 



This order includes what are ])roperly so called bugs, harvest flies, 

 or cicadas, (improperly called locusts,) tree-hoppers, vine-hoppers, 

 plant-lice, &c. The bugs are divided into terrestrial and aquatic. 

 The terrestrial kinds are all found during the warm weather upon 

 vegetable matter, and may be collected in all the ordinary ways, sha- 

 king into an umbrella, sweeping from the grass and low plants with 

 a net, picking up with the hands, &c. The aquatic species can be 

 obtained by fishing with a net amongst the mud at the bottom of 

 ponds and streams and amongst water plants, and some are found 



