INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLLECTING INSECTS 187 



spun amongst the leaves. Botli forms are of large size, and are 

 tropical insects. 



8. Liparidiform larvae are simply hairy, and generally with brushes 

 and long tufts of hair in addition. 



9. Saturnidiform larvae have thick, heavy bodies, deeply incised, 

 and furnished usually with rows of blunt or slender acute rigid spines, 

 and large, strong anal prolegs. 



10. Ceratocampiform larvae are also furnished with rows of rough- 

 ened acute tubercles, but have long rigid horns on the anterior rings. 



11. CocJdiopodiform or onisci/orm larvae are very sliort and small, 

 either semi-cylindrical or oval, having no visible head, being retrac- 

 tile, nor visible feet or prolegs. The whole surface of the abdomen is 

 applied to the object to which they adhere. We have many most re- 

 markable forms of this family. 



12. GastroiKichiform larvae are nearly naked, semi-cylindrical, 

 very much flattened beneath, loith Jiesliy protuberances or tiiffs of hair 

 above the legs. They are generally found flatly applied to trees, the 

 bark of which they resemble. 



13. Psychidiform larvae, or basket-carriers, inhabit silken cases, 

 and attach pieces of leaves, sticks, &c., to the outside. 



14. Tortriciform larvae and tineiform larvae, except among the leaf 

 miners, differ but little in form. They are generally of small size, 

 smooth, semi-cylindrical, tapering anteriorly and posteriorly, with a 

 semi-elliptical horizontal head. The former usually roll and bind 

 leaves together, and the latter live in cases made of portions of leaves, 

 &c., or in seeds, fungi, on rotten wood and decaying vegetable sub- 

 stances_, or in the interior of leaves between their cuticles. 



There are a few very convenient terms which should be used in 

 describing the ornamentation of larvae. 



The dorsal line is a colored longitudinal line on the middle of the 

 back of the larvae, and follows the course of the dorsal vessel. 



The sub-dorsal line is also longitudinal, and placed nearly or quite 

 at an equal distance from the dorsal and the following : 



The stigmatal, which is placed on the sides a little above the feet, 

 and about the height of the stigmatal or breathing holes. 



The papiliform p)oints are dots on the body of larvae, nearly plain, 

 and scarcely elevated above the surface, each giving rise to a hair. 

 When they are rougher and more salient, and give rise to one or more 

 visible hairs, they are called — 



The verrucose points, and, as well as the above, are usually disposed 

 on the dorsum in a more or less restricted trapezoid, or in squares. 



The dorsal region is that portion included between the sub- dorsal 

 lines. , 



The lateral region is that between the sub- dorsal and stigmatal lines. 



The ventral region, all the portion below the stigmatal lines. 



The cervical shield is a corneous plate on the dorsum of the first ring. 



Shagreened or granulated, when the skin of larvae is roughened by 

 minute raised grains, but at the same time naked. 



Naked or smooth, when the cuticle is without appendages or covering 

 of hairs. 



Scabrous, when any portion is roughly and acutely shagreened. 



