188 INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLLECTING INSECTS. 



Tubercles are hardened elevations,, spined, scabrous, plain, cylin- 

 drical, or lenticular. 



Spines are rigid, slender, and acute, and resemble small thorns. 



Com'pound spines, a stalk furnished with numerous simple spines. 



Haii^s are fine dermal appendages like the ordinary hair ; they are 

 arranged in tufts, pencils, or are verticillate. 



Horns are projections from the surface either corneous or fleshy, and 

 are simple, spined, rigid, roughened, flexible, fiesliy , or penniform. 



Velvety, when the surface is clothed with soft short hair. 



Hairy, when covered with hair either in tufts or verticillate bunches. 



llammillated, when short fleshy projections exist ; they are simple, 

 spined, or hairy; also called pjapillae. 



Attenuated, when the body diminishes in breadth anteriorly or pos- 

 teriorly. 



Moyiiliform, when the rings are separated by deep incisions and re- 

 semble a succession of globular bodies like beads. 



Cylindrical and sub-cylindrical, when the body has these geometrical 

 forms. 



Elongated, when the body is slender and appears to have been drawn 

 out. 



Bristles resemble hairs, but are stiff" and rather rigid. 



The direction in which the longitudinal diameter of the head stands 

 to the axis of the body is — 



Horizontal, when they form one plane. 



Nutant, when its long diameter forms an obtuse angle with the 

 body. 



Perpendicular, when a right angle is formed with the axis of the 

 body. 



Kespecting its connexion with the body, it is — 



Free, when distinctly visible and not covered by the first ring. 



Inserted or retracted, when the occiput, or top, is partly concealed. 



Concealed, when entirely withdrawn within the first ring, or is 

 covered by it. 



Betractile, when a concealed head can be thrust out. 



Elevated, when the top of the vertex is above the level of the dor- 

 sum or back. 



Bifid, when the vertex is divided into two distinct lobes. 



The object in following larvae through their embryonic develop- 

 ment is to obtain a full and comj)lete history of the species. A good 

 description, therefore, should correspond to the particulars detailed 

 below, arranged, in the first place, at the option of the observer, but, 

 when completed for each species, should begin with a description of 

 the egg, and follow the Jiistory to the development of the perfect 

 insect, 



1°. The date lohen the larvae was found, and under luhat conditions. 



2°. The name of its food plant, botanical and common. 



3°. A description of its physical pecidiarities ; commencing with the 

 head, its size as compared to the body, form, position, and relations 

 to the body ; then the general form of the body, whether it varies 

 from the cylindrical, and how, whether attenuated anteriorly or pos- 

 teriorly, or swollen or prominent in any portion or deeply incised, and 



