24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19 39 



dence, shows that this village was situated on the north side of what 

 is now Potomac Ci-eek, near Marlboro Point. The Virginia land 

 records indicate that the land constituting the "Potomac neck" was 

 patented around the middle of the seventeenth century. About this 

 time "Marlborough Town," with a courthouse, came into existence 

 less than a mile away from the Indian site. 



Archeologically the old Indian village site is important because of 

 its known contact with the Jamestown colonists. No extensive ex- 

 cavations were undertaken, however, until 1935, when the late Judge 

 William J. Graham became interested. Working intermittently dur- 

 ing the next 2 years, until his death on November 10, 1937, Judge 

 Graham succeeded in locating three large ossuaries, two small burial 

 pits, and many post holes and trenches. From the largest ossuary 

 and one of the small burial pits Judge Graham recovered European 

 objects — glass beads, iron, copper, and a silver cup made at the be- 

 ginning of the seventeenth century. In another ossuary he found 

 what is probably the largest human skull yet recorded. 



Following Judge Graham's death, and in accord with his wishes, 

 his collections from Patawomeke and their accompanying records 

 were presented to the National Museum. Early in 1938 permission 

 was obtained to continue the investigation begun by Judge Graham. 

 By the close of the season Dr. Stewart had determined the outlines of 

 what is probably the main part of the Indian site. Located on a 

 30-foot bluff just above a spring that is still in use, the village was 

 surrounded by one or more circular stockades. What appears to 

 have been the inner stockade had a diameter of about 175 feet. He 

 was not able to trace completely the outer concentric rows of post 

 holes, but these may extend the diameter of the village to 280 feet or 

 more. At the close of the present fiscal year Dr. Stewart resumed 

 the excavations in order to complete as far as possible the outline of 

 the famous stockaded village. 



Dr. Waldo R. Wedel, Assistant Curator of Archeology, during 

 July and August 1938 continued the archeological survey of Kansas. 

 Scattered along the timbered bluffs of the Missouri River from its 

 mouth to a point near St. Joseph, Mo., are groups of small mounds in 

 which excavation has revealed stone enclosures containing burials. 

 Their age, origin, and tribal identity have long resisted interpreta- 

 tion, though from the uniformity of construction it has been thought 

 by some that they were left by a single people moving up or down 

 the valley. Below the mouth of the Osage River such pottery and 

 other materials as have been found in the chambers suggest affinities 

 with remains usually termed "Woodland" in the eastern United 

 States. Farther west there is less internal evidence, so that assign- 

 ment of those in the Kansas City region to a given archeological 



