58 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1939 



Eastern Apache (represented by Kiowa Apache, Jicarilla Apache, 

 and Lipan) are tongues of northern origin, coming from beyond the 

 present northern boundary of the United States, the language-bearing 

 ancestors of these so-called Navaho and Apache peoples having mi- 

 grated from the north. This migration was far back of the range of 

 history, and the reason for accepting this migration is found in the 

 existence of the surprisingly closely related Athapascan langimges oc- 

 cupying all the interior of Alaska and western Canada, a patch near 

 the mouth of the Columbia, and another taking in much of the southern 

 Oregon and northern California coast region. 



The study of the northern origin of the Navaho consisted of the 

 assembling of documentation from historical and ethnological sources, 

 interviewing of Indians, and discussions with archeologists and eth- 

 nologists engaged in Siberian, Alaskan, Great Basin, High Plains, 

 and Navaho region investigations. 



The nearest linguistic sisters of the Navaho language in the north 

 are the Carrier and closely related Chilcotin of the southernmost 

 part of the Northern Interior Plateau mentioned above, and east of 

 them the Sarcee, in the Rockies and the plains just east of the Rockies. 



The Smithsonian Institution having come into possession of an 

 unprinted source giving a first-hand account of the Sacramento 

 Valley Indians of California in 1850, including two vocabularies of 

 native Indian languages, from the pen of Prince Paul, educated Ger- 

 man traveler and friend of Sutter, the founder of Sacramento, Calif.. 

 Dr. Harrington left in May to check this new and important material 

 with native informants. The source consisted of an account of the 

 natives of the "Hok" farm, belonging to Sutter. Dr. Harrington 

 discovered the old Indian rancheria mound called "Hok" on the 

 west edge of the Feather River 7 miles south of Yuba City. 



July 1 found Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., archeologist, in camp 

 at the Lindenmeier site, north of Fort Collins, in northern Colorado, 

 continuing his excavations in search of additional information on 

 Folsom man, the aboriginal nomad who hunted bison, mammoth, and 

 the American camel on the western plains during the closing stages of 

 the glacial period. The work was carried on until the end of Septem- 

 ber when digging was stopped for the season. During the course of 

 the summer's investigations 3,500 square feet of the original surface of 

 occupation was uncovered. The overburden ranged from 3 to 8 feet 

 in depth so that a considerable quantity of earth had to be removed 

 before the stratum containing the desired archeological record was 

 reached. Included in the layer were various concentrations of cut 

 and split animal bones, most of them from the extinct Bison taylori, 

 several hearths, places where the stone chippers had made their tools 

 from different kinds of material present in the vicinity, and an assort- 



