APPENDICES TO SECRETARY'S REPORT. 



Appendix I. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. 



Sir : I have the honor to present the follow mg report upon the -svork of the year, 

 dividing it for convenience into two general heads, viz, field work and office work. 



FIELD WORK. 



The field work of the year is divided into (1) mound explorations and (2) general 

 field studies, the latter having been directed during the year chiefly to archjeology, 

 language, religious practices, and pictography. 



Mound explorations. — The work of exploring the mounds of the eastern United 

 States was, as in former years, under the superintendence of Prof. Cyrus Thomas. 

 During this year he discontinued explorations in person, being engaged almost the 

 entire time upon the preparation of the second volume of his report and of an ad- 

 ditional bulletin, with accompanying maps of the archa^ologic localities. 



Mr. Henry L. Reynolds, however, was employed during the summer in exploriug 

 the works in Manitoba and the two Dakotas with special reference to their types and 

 distribution. The results of this investigation proved very satisfactory, as the types 

 within this area are found to be unusually well defined, according to physical struct- 

 ure and contents. While thus employed other archaeological remains were noted and 

 examined, such as the bowlder outlines of circles and animals and the ancient village 

 sites on the Missouri River. A full report concerning these investigations will ap- 

 pear in the forthcoming report of Professor Thomas. Mr. Reynolds also made a visit 

 to certain earthworks in Iowa and Indiana for the purpose of ascertaining their 

 types. In the autumn he was employed in South Carolina and Georgia exploring 

 the mounds of that section, about which little was known. Two monnds — a large 

 one on the Wateree River, below Camden, South Carolina, and one on the Savannah 

 River, Georgia— proved of special interest. The contents of the latter consisted of 

 as fine specimens of every class of primitive art as have been found in mounds. 



Mr. James D. Middleton, who had acted as a regular assistant from the organiza- 

 tion of the division, was engaged during the mouth of July, 1889, in surveying and 

 making plats of certain ancient works of Michigan and Ohio. At the end of the 

 month he resigned his position in the Bureau. 



Mr. James Mooney, although engaged in another line of research, obtained impor- 

 tant information for the Mound Division, in reference to the location, distribution, 

 and character of the ancient works of the Cherokee in western North Carolina and 

 adjoining sections. 



General Field Studies. — In the autumn of 1889 Mr. W. H. Holmes was directed to take 

 charge of the archifiologic field-work of the Bureau. In September he began exca- 

 vations in the ancient bowlder quarries upon Piney Branch of Rock Creek, near 

 Washington. A trench was carried across the principal quarry, which had a width of 

 more than 50 feet and a depth in places of 10 feet. The ancient methods of quarrying 

 and working the bowlders were studied and several thousands of specimens were col- 



47 



