STANLEY AND THE MAP OF AFRICA. 281 



Mr. Stanley has crossed the continent, in the opposite direction, and 

 taken just about the same time in which to do so. Discovery was not 

 his main object this time, and therefore the results in this direction have 

 not been so plentiful. Indeed, they could not be; he had left so com- 

 paratively little to be done. But the additions that he has made to our 

 knowledge of the great blank are considerable, and of high importance 

 in their bearing on the hydrograi)hy, the physical geography, the 

 climate, and the people of central Africa. 



Let us rapidly run over the incidents of this, in some respects, the 

 most remarkable expedition that ever entered Africa. Its iirst purpose, 

 as we know, was to relieve, and if necessary bring away, Emiu Pasha, 

 the governor of the abandoned equatorial province of the Egyptian 

 Sudan, which spread on each side of the Bahr-elJeijel, the branch of 

 the Nile that issues from the Albert ISTyanza. Here it was supposed 

 that he and his Egyptian officers and troops, and their wives and 

 children, were beleagured by the Madhist hordes, and that they were 

 at the end of their supplies. Emin Pasha, who as l^kluard Schuitzer 

 was born in Prussian Silesia, and educated at Breslau and Berlin as a 

 phj^siciau, spent 12 years (18G4-1870) in the Turkish service, during 

 which he traveled over much of the Asiatic dominions of Turkey, 

 indulging his strong tastes for natural history. In 1876 he entered the 

 service of Egypt, and was sent up to the Sudan as surgeon on the staff 

 of Gordon Pasha, who at that time governed the equatorial province. 

 In 1878, two years after Gordon had been appointed governor-general 

 of the whole Sudan, Emin Etfendi (he had Moslemized himself) was 

 appointed governor of the equatorial ])iovince, which he found com- 

 pletely disorganized and demoralized, the happy hunting-ground of 

 the slave-raider. Within a few months Emin had restored order, swept 

 out the slavers, got rid of the Egyptian scum who pretended to be 

 soldiers, improved the revenue, so that instead of a large deficit there 

 was a considerable surplus, and established industry and legitimate 

 trade. Meantime the Mahdi had appeared, and the movement of con- 

 quest was gathering strength. It was not, however, till 1884 that Emiu 

 began to fear danger. It was in January of that year that Gordon went 

 out to hold Khartoum ; just a year later both he and the city fell before 

 the Madhist host. Emiu withdrew with his officers and dependents, 

 numbering about 1,500, to Wadelai, in the south of the province, within 

 easy reach of Albert Nyanza. 



Rumors of the events in the Sudan after the fall of Khartoum reached 

 this country, but no one outside of scientific circles seemed to take 

 much interest in Emin till 1886. Kapidly, however, Eurepe became 

 aware what a noble stand this simple savant, who had been foisted into 

 the position of governor of a half-savage province, was making against 

 the forces of the Mahdi, and how he refused to desert his post and his 

 people. Towards the autumn of 1886 public feeling on the subject rose 

 to such a height that the British Government, which was held to blame 



