STANLEY AND THE MAP OF AFRICA. 283 



reached by Mr. Stanley and the lirst contingent, till the beginning of 

 rfnne, 1887. The distance from here in a straight line to the nearest 

 point of the Albert Nyanza is about 450 miles; thence it was believed 

 couimunication with Eniin would be easy, for he had two steamers 

 available. But it was possible that a detour would have to be made 

 towards the north so as to reach Wadelia direct, for no one knew the 

 conditions which prevailed in the country between the Aruwimi mouth 

 and the Albert Nyanza. As it was Mr. Stanley took the course to the 

 lake direct, but with many a circuit and many an obstruction and at a 

 terrible sacrifice of life. An intrenched camp was established on a 

 bluff at Yambuya, about 50 miles up the left bank of the Aruwimi. 

 Major Barttelot was left in charge of this, and with him Dr. Bonny, 

 Mr. Jameson, Mr. Kose Troup, Mr. Ward, and 257 men ; the rear column 

 was to follow as soon as Tippu Tip provided the contingent of 500 

 natives which he had solemnly promised. Although the whole of the 

 men had not come up, yet everything seemed in satisfactory order ; 

 explicit instructions were issued to the officers of the rear column, and 

 on June 28, 1887, Mr. Stanley, with a contingent consisting of 389 ofiti- 

 cers and men, set out to reach Emin Pasha. The officers with him were 

 Captain Nelson, Lieutenant Stairs, Dr. Parke, and Mr. Jephson. 



Five miles after leaving camp the difficulties began. The expedition 

 was face to face with a dense forest of immense extent, choked with 

 bushy undergrowth and obstructed by a network of creepers through 

 which a way had often to be cleaved with the axes. Hostile natives 

 harassed them day after day ; the paths were studded with concealed 

 spikes of wood ; the arrows were poisoned; the natives burned their 

 villages rather than have dealings with the intruders. Happily the 

 river when it was again struck afforded relief, and the steel boat 

 proved of service, though the weakened men found the portages past 

 the cataracts a great trial. It was fondly hoped that here at least the 

 Arab slaver had not penetrated ; but on September !(!, 200 miles from 

 Yambuya, making 340 miles of actual travel, the slave camp of Uga- 

 rowvva was reached, and here the treatment was even worse than when 

 fighting the savages of the forest. The brutalities practiced on Stan- 

 ley's men cost many of them, their lives. A mouth later the camp of 

 another Arab slaver was reached, Kilinga Longa, and there the treat- 

 ment was no better. These so-called Arabs, whose caravans consist 

 mainly of the merciless Manyuema, from the country between Tagan- 

 yika and Nyangwe, had laid waste a great area of the region to be 

 traversed by the expedition, so that between August 31 and November 

 12 every man was famished; and when at last the laud of devastation 

 was left behind, and the native village of Ibwiri entered, officers and 

 men were reduced to skeletons. Out of the 389 who started only 174 

 entered Ibwiri, the rest dead, or missing, or left behind, unable to 

 move, at Ugarowsva's. So weak was everybody that 70 tons of goods 



