THE AGE OF 15K0NZE IX EGYPT. 511 



of Fig". 34, aud present divers images. Celts, with sockets similar to 

 those which are so ofteu found in Europe, are unknown in Egypt, but 

 celts with pinions are met witli there which approach in appearance 

 those with sockets. The pinions, which are folded around the handle, 

 are found only on one side; Fig-. 40 represents such a celt. The latter 

 is made of iron, but bronze celts of the same form are likewise dis- 

 covered in Egypt.* 



In Egyptian tombs, poniards with double edges have been found of 

 bronze. The hilt is frequently formed from a bronze plate, the two 

 sides covered with wood, horn, bone, or ivory. 



The hilts of the poniards represented by Figs. 1 and 3-5, which are 

 of this description, have around them a border iu bronze. A like bor- 

 der may also be seen iu the larger part of the hilt of ligure 2, but the 

 pommel is entirely' of bone, or rather of ivory fastened by a rivet, par- 

 allel to the blade. 



Upon the handles last mentioned, the hilt properly speaking is, as is 

 generally the case, much large than the i)ommel. Such however is 

 uot always the case. A poniard of bronze discovered at Thebes, of the 

 same type as iu Fig. 1), has a pommel almost as large as the hilt.f 



In the poniard represented in Fig. 9, the pommel is a little larger thau 

 the hilts. I The latter has two semi-circular holes and is of ivory, 

 while the rest is of horn or hard wood, fastened with bronze rivets. In 

 Fig. 10, the pommel is very much larger than the handle, in which arenot 

 to be included the long- and narrow lobes of the handle, which comprise 

 the upper extremity of the blade. § Still larger is the pommel of the 

 poniard which is represented b}' Fig. 11, and which we have already 

 described ; the two semi-circular holes which are seen in the pommel 

 of Fig. 9 are likewise found in Fig. 11, as also in Fig. 10. Each of these 

 four ])oniards have pommels almost circular. 



*A similar celt in brouze, the piuious of which do not extend as far as those iu 

 Fig. 40, is deposited iu the Leyden niuseiun. Leemau's Monuments fyfinptiens dii 

 MuHc'e de Leide, PI. 80, Fig. 5. Chabas, Etude sur rnnii(juUe historiquc, p. 7(). 



t Thehilt is half horn, half ivory (Prisse d'Aveuucs Monuments Er/npl, PI. 4(), Chabas, 

 jStudrs sur Vantiumte hi>iloi-ique, p. '.)2). The work quoted by Prisse d'Aveuucs as 

 well as many other b(K)ks of importance for this essay, is uot at Stockholm. 



t The original of Fig. I) is deposited iu the British Museum. The handle is pro- 

 longed into a narrow tongue which crosses the hilt. (Kembler Jlorcv ferales PI. 8, 

 Fig. 3, p. !.')().) There another poniard is mentioned deposited iu the British Museum, 

 "a brouze or silver hilt which unites the pommel of ivory to the blade." On the 

 occasion of a session of ihe Institute of Archa'ological Correspondences at Eome, on 

 the 28th of February, 187'J, I saw a magnificent poniard of the same typo as Fig. It. It 

 belonged to Mr. Alex. Castelbiui, who had received it from Marietta. The poniard, 

 with tile two usual holes, was of cedar wood, entirely covered with gold. The lower 

 part of the hilt was of silver, ornamented witii gold rivets, symmetrically placed. 

 Along the middle of the blade was a simple line in relief, the greater part of which 

 had sharp edges. 



$ The original of Fig. 10 constitutes a portion of the collection of Mr. ({reenwell at 

 Dui-ham. I owe the design of the latter and of otlnu- Egyptian bronzes deposited m 

 the same collection to luy friend Mr. Sven Soderbcrg, of Luud. 



